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Disertaciones |
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1
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Iorrana Lisboa Camboim
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Interculturality and street-level bureaucracy: a look at the implementation of the Rural Development Program with quilombola families in the State of Goiás
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Líder : STEPHANIE CAROLINE NASUTI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALESSANDRO ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA
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MONICA CELEIDA RABELO NOGUEIRA
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ROBERTO ROCHA COELHO PIRES
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STEPHANIE CAROLINE NASUTI
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Data: 10-feb-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This paper analyzes the implementation experience of the Programa de Fomento às Atividades Produtivas Rurais, also called Programa Fomento Rural, (Law 12.512/2011) along with quilombola families in the state of Goiás, Brazil, considering aspects of affection to interculturality. The Programa Fomento Rural is a program aimed at promoting food and nutrition security and productive inclusion through the articulation of the offer (i) of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER), regulated by the National Policy of ATER (PNATER, Law 12.188/2010), and (ii) the transfer of non-reimbursable resources and financial aid for families living in poverty in the countryside. An ethnographic case study was carried out with the key objective of recording street-level implementation experience and contributing to the study of interculturality and literature on street-level bureaucracy in light of the PNATER. It points out the existence of gaps and challenges, nowadays, for the effectiveness of the methodology participating approach with a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinar, and intercultural, seeking the construction of citizenship according to established in PNATER. From the perspective of interculturality criticism, given this, it is suggested that the street-level bureaucracy responsible for implementing this policy has a long way to go include in its repertoire the concept of ecology of knowledge, especially in the case of assisting quilombola families and other people and traditional communities.
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2
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Niele Piovan Fernandes Pires
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EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT OF BRAZIL
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Líder : IZABEL CRISTINA BRUNO BACELLAR ZANETI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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IZABEL CRISTINA BRUNO BACELLAR ZANETI
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MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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PAULO CELSO DOS REIS GOMES
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CHRISTIAN LUIZ DA SILVA
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Data: 10-feb-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This qualitative and quantitative applied research aims to evaluate the sustainability of the construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) in the Federal District of Brazil by approaching the hierarchy of CDWM (3Rs) - namely reduce, reuse and recycle strategies - and if this reflects the existing solid waste policies in the Federal District and in Brazil, implemented from 2010, considering that CDW is the main and most critical waste generated in society. Despite this, civil construction is potentially the sector that presents the most possibilities for recovering and incorporating waste into new materials. Primarily, the research carried out a historical analysis of the experience of the CDWM in the last twelve years, through documentary research and interviews conducted with government agencies responsible for the CDWM in the Federal District and construction industry actors. Subsequently, the analysis of the collected data makes it possible to assess the sustainability of the CDWM in the Federal District – after the implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), in force since 2010 – and to investigate and understand the role and potential of construction source in reducing CDW generation and in the sustainability the CDWM. The results demonstrate that the management of CDW carried out in the Federal District is one of the most sustainable in Brazil, and the focal stages that most require attention and priority actions to be taken for the improvement of the CDWM - with the reduction of generation and landfilling rates and the increase in the diversion rate – are the segregation of CDW at construction sites and the strategic measures for restraining illegal dumping, which still represents about 40% of the total CDW collected in the DF, which is directly destinated to landfilling, without intermediate treatment. Based on the results, considerations and suggestions made may help in the decision-making by public agents responsible for CDWM in the Federal District.
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3
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THAIS MAMEDE SOARES
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The evolution of environmental governance in the municipality of Alta Floresta: nuances of elites' power.
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Líder : FABIANO TONI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ARNOLDO SANTOS DE LIMA
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CECILIA FADIGAS VIANA
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FABIANO TONI
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MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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Data: 27-feb-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm) had repercussions at the local scale that went beyond reducing the rate of deforestation in the Amazon biome between 2004 and 2014. Command and control actions, policies such as the List of Priority Municipalities and support from the Amazon Fund triggered processes of decentralization of forest governance in some municipalities, as was the case of Alta Floresta in Mato Grosso. The municipality has become a model in its strategy for environmental and land regularization, forest recovery, among others, in addition to winning its removal from the Dirty List of Deforestation in 2012. However, since then, Brazilian environmental policy has been progressively dismantled, and the deforestation rates in the Amazon increased again until mid-2022. In view of this scenario, this research investigated the continuity of local forest governance after leaving the aforementioned List. To correct the flaws of anti-political approaches to forest governance, the way in which the interests of rural elites were favored in the Alta Floresta region was explored based on a cientific literature review. Different studies have shown that rural elites occupy political positions in municipalities and in the state government, while the agribusiness narrative and the rhetoric of sustainable development provide the legitimation of their interests. Institutional changes at national and state level were also addressed through a bibliographical review. In the last decade, environmental, indigenist, quilombola and other rural communities' institutions were weakened or even extinguished, due to pressure from dominant coalitions associated mainly with the agro-export production model and large-scale mining. The continuity of the forest governance in Alta Floresta since 2012 was qualitatively analyzed based on semi-structured interviews with key actors in the municipality itself. After leaving the List, the municipality continued to be committed to a “green” agenda. The protagonist actors in the promotion of the municipal sustainable agenda are organized in a similar way to that of elites, overlapping different types of resources (technical, material, human, etc.) through partnerships at other scales to influence the pattern of municipal land use. The interviewed local rural elites held a diversity of stances, from the most contrary to environmental conservation to the most favorable. However, the municipal projects are almost all aimed at small landowners, while the presence of the large ones was only felt in the defense of the increase of soybean cultivation in the municipality, in the threats to the Cristalino State Park, and in a smaller conflict reported. Unlike what was perceived from the implementation of national policies, local actors prioritized dialogue with the population and the construction of alternative economic bases. The actors also chose not to come into conflict with local rural elites, preferring to keep the municipality as an incubator and diffusion center for environmental innovations, rather than pressing for more radical changes. Changes in political forces in the municipality were also decisive for the power of action of the protagonists.
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4
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PRISCILA AYRES FELLER
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On the interethnic frontier: indigenous participation within the Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Brazil
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Líder : FABIANO TONI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ARNOLDO SANTOS DE LIMA
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FABIANO TONI
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MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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RODRIGO AUGUSTO LIMA DE MEDEIROS
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Data: 28-mar-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work aims to understand how indigenous people understand themselves and are understood within the context of participation within a development agenda. To do so, use the Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Brazil (DGM) project as a case study, given the wealth of actors that make up its design - World Bank, Non-Governmental Organizations, federal public administration bodies, Traditional Peoples and Communities, Quilombolas and Indigenous Peoples.
Methodological development of a documentary analysis of the project and implementation of semi-structured interviews with representatives of Traditional Peoples and Communities, Quilombolas and Indigenous Peoples on two milestones of participation in the DGM: carrying out free, prior and exciting consultations for project design and the project management through the National Steering Committee. An analysis of what is said about the mediate narrative of the joint literature with the main one about participation in development projects and differentiated ethno-cultural groups.
From the analyzed data, it can be understood that such groups do not understand themselves as homogeneous, even though they share similar demands and historical contingencies. Participation for them is better when carried out in contexts of free and self-organization of times and spaces, with the execution speed of both frameworks and technical languages limiting the understanding and effective participation of the segments.
The decision-making power is considered important, even if they include the limitations imposed by the financers and trustees, realizing the existence of power disputes both between the different segments of the project, and between these and the financers and trustees. Finally, the data also indicate that participation in the DGM was considered enriching in terms of training political agents, but that the distance between the results of the consultations and the actual performance weakened the segments in relation to their organizations.
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5
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ELIZABETH DALANA PAZELLO
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BY THE RIVER, IN THE PANTANAL: SPECIFICATIONS OF FISHING TOURISM
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Líder : ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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ANDRE DE ALMEIDA CUNHA
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JOSE LUIZ DE ANDRADE FRANCO
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JOSÉ ROBERTO DA SILVA LUNAS
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Data: 22-may-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work was based on the study about the theme of Fishing Tourism, having as research locus the Brazilian Pantanal. The Pantanal, the largest floodable area on the planet, is considered one of the most sensitive biomes. Its differential lies in the well-defined water regime of floods and ebbs and in the extensive biodiversity. All this wealth attracts countless visitors, allowing activities such as nature tourism, ecotourism and fishing tourism to be structured and developed. As an economic activity, fishing tourism has a productive chain interconnected with several specific products and services. In this sense, the objective was to understand the dynamics and specificities of the fishing tourism segment in tourist destinations in the Brazilian Pantanal. The methodological aspects consist of: a) documentary and bibliographic survey, for the construction of the theoretical discussion; b) multidimensional contextualization of the locus of study; c) application of survey questionnaires with tourist establishments and services; and d) interviews with key actors and informal conversations with tourists in tourist destinations. The results show the relevance of this economic activity for the region. The productive chain of fishing tourism, designed in the dissertation, allowed understanding the dynamics of the tourist segment in the region and identifying the connections between the links that compose it. Among the observed specificities, four main ones were found: a) the attractiveness of fishing, through the fishiness of the rivers; b) the pleasure of the fishing habitat (contemplation of the landscape, the movement of the waters, silence, rest); c) tourist loyalty to the destination; and d) disintermediation, caused by the centrality that accommodation facilities occupy in its production chain. This dissertation also allowed a look at the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Mato Grosso do Sul. With its peak in 2020 in Brazil, travel restrictions and social isolation, such as health prevention and control measures, caused a drop in the flow of visitors and the dynamics of activity. As a result of the crisis, the interruption of tourism caused the closure of establishments, among other economic and social problems. The objective was to establish learning links with the perspectives of resuming tourist activities in MS, based on the changes and decisions taken during the pandemic crisis. The results of the study point to the need for actions that make it possible to strengthen municipalities and small enterprises with greater weaknesses. Signaling the perspectives of diversification of the offer, improvement of management and search for segmentation with new practitioners of amateur sport fishing, and more sustainable positioning of businesses and destinations.
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6
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RAFAEL LOPES TORRES
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Modifications in the institutional arrangements promoted by the Bolsonaro Government and its influence in the control of deforestation in the brazilian Amazon Region
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Líder : ANA KARINE PEREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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KARINA FURTADO RODRIGUES
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ANA KARINE PEREIRA
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RAPHAEL AMORIM MACHADO
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SUELY MARA VAZ GUIMARÃES DE ARAÚJO
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Data: 30-may-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Deforestation is a problem that causes harmful effects in various dimensions and its particularly significant in the Amazon region. Among these effects, it causes changes in hydrological regimes, biodiversity loss, ecosystems imbalance, loss in farming productivity and harms to human health. It is also connected to the illegal occupation of public land and to violence in rural areas. Beyond that, it is the main source of greenhouse gases emissions that cause climate change. Deforestation is a complex phenomenon that has several different sources. There are economic factors, such as the price of commodities, like soybean, beef and timber. The development of public works in the region also enables its rise. It is also influenced by a third group of factors, so called institutional factors, connected to the governmental arrangements in place to control it. The research question is how the changes in the institutional arrangements in the policy for controlling deforestation in the Amazon region promoted by the Bolsonaro Government contributed to the deforestation rates´ acceleration in the region. The institutional factors chosen were the changes in the federal entities in charge of controlling deforestation in the Amazon region and the changes in the planning instruments for that policy. The research is basically qualitative and the method used is the Process Tracing, that is an in-depht case study method that explores a causal mechanism that connects one of more causal factors to an outcome. The hypothesized causal mechanism has three parts, that comprises aspects like cohesion, centralization, state capacities and dismantling of public policies. In order to test the mechanism, the main sources used were the regulations related to the theme, documents produced by the responsible entities (like meeting minutes, reports, informative notes), reports of public and third-sector institutions involved with the subject, information obtained through interviews and budget data. The empirical results collected confirm the causal mechanism hypothesized initially. The changes introduced by the Bolsonaro Government in the federal entities in charge of controlling deforestation in the Amazon region and in the planning instruments for that policy caused, respectively, a lack of cohesion in the state response to deal with the problem and a centralization of that policy. In turn, the lack of cohesion and the centralization fragilized the state capacities to control deforestation, which generated the dismantling of that policy, in its “command and control” component. All these elements indicate the influence of the studied institutional factors in the deforestation rates´ acceleration in the region.
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7
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JULIO CESAR SPINDOLA ITACARAMBY
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF VISITATION ON BRAZILIAN NATIONAL PARKS ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF ECOTOURISM
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Líder : ANDRE DE ALMEIDA CUNHA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANDRE DE ALMEIDA CUNHA
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CAMILA GONÇALVES DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES
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ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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JOSE LUIZ DE ANDRADE FRANCO
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Data: 14-jun-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Protected areas are one of the most important tools for biodiversity conservation. But only the effective management of these areas can guarantee the expected positive results. The demand for tourism in these areas has grown significantly in recent decades, especially in Brazil. Incorporating the growing demand brings with it the need for special attention to visitation management, to maximize the positive impacts and minimize the negative impacts of tourism. Ecotourism is a differentiated form of tourism that, based on a set of principles, aims to reconcile visits to natural areas with nature conservation and the well-being of local populations. Considering that ecotourism, in its ideal form, can be a tool for solving the existing problem between the increase in demand for tourism in protected areas and the need to guarantee the protection of biodiversity, this research carried out an analysis of the management of visitation at Brazilian national parks, based on the perception of key actors on ecotourism. 409 interviews were conducted with visitors and managers of ten Brazilian national parks. The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) methodology was used, with the application of structured questionnaires with closed questions and answers on a Likert scale about the perception of importance and performance of eight ecotourism principles and fifteen attributes of visitation management defined from the theoretical references. The perception of the importance of ecotourism principles was similar for both key actors and was close to the maximum of the scale, with the most important being those related to minimizing environmental impacts, stimulating environmental awareness, direct benefits for conservation and respect for local culture. Perception of performance varied between actors and principles, with managers' perception of performance being lower than that of visitors. The performance of the principles considered most important were the lowest in the ranking. The IPA analysis indicated, for both actors, a need to concentrate management efforts on the principles of minimizing environmental impacts, stimulating environmental awareness, and direct benefits for nature conservation, which belong to the environmental dimension of ecotourism. It was also found that the principles of the socioeconomic dimension demonstrated more difficulty in forming an opinion and evaluation of the key actors, in a way that indicates the need for improvement in the monitoring and dissemination of associated indicators. One of the main conclusions is that it is necessary to qualify the experience of visiting Brazilian national parks, especially based on the principles of ecotourism of the environmental dimension. Also, that a more qualified experience is desired, but not yet satisfactorily met. Qualification based on stimulating environmental awareness and returning direct benefits to conservation has great potential to become an instrument to improve the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas. At the end, recommendations are made to the governing bodies to encourage research on visitation management, incorporation of ecotourism principles into their philosophical and practical basis, and prioritization of efforts to meet the principles of ecotourism in the environmental dimension.
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8
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Vitor Zanotta da Cruz Santos
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PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FAMILY FARMING IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL |
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Líder : MARCEL BURSZTYN
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANIELA NOGUEIRA SOARES
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JOSE LUIZ DE ANDRADE FRANCO
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MARCEL BURSZTYN
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PAULO DABDAB WAQUIL
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Data: 07-jul-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Human action may cause an increase of over 1.5°C in the planet's temperature by 2030, compared to the pre-industrial era. This will lead to severe consequences for human life and the environment. Among the irreversible impacts reported by the IPCC are changes in the frequency and intensity of rainfall, heatwaves, and prolonged droughts. These effects threaten all sectors that depend on affected ecosystem services, such as family agriculture, which is the basis of global food production. Despite family agriculture generally having a sustainable character, environmental impacts are present whenever an intensive production pattern with chemical inputs is adopted. When family farmers choose to adopt an organic production model, they are using a strategy that includes adaptation to the effects of climate change and, at the same time, mitigation of its causes, in addition to the well-known contributions to healthy food production. The state of Rio Grande do Sul has been devastated by extreme weather events and has suffered severe agricultural losses in two-thirds of its municipalities, which declared a state of emergency in 2022 due to prolonged droughts, frequent heatwaves, and intensified wildfires. This study compares the perception of the phenomenon and how farmers are seeking to adapt. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers cultivating conventional and organic products in the municipality of Santa Clara do Sul. It was found that most of the interviewed family farmers are aware of climate change, particularly the extreme events of recent years, including decreased precipitation and increased temperatures. Data from meteorological stations in the region indicate that summers are hotter, and annual precipitation has been reduced. When comparing the groups of organic and conventional farmers, the divergences regarding the production model were: education level, access to public policies in response to climate change, expectations for future climate, and perception of agriculture's interference in climate change. The absence of differences in other sampled aspects contrasts with the literature on the comparison between production models, which is justified by the uniqueness of the context in Santa Clara do Sul. In this municipality, the organic transition has been shown to be independent of social characteristics and individual motivations, as is usually the case worldwide, precisely because the local government has created a public policy for organic transition with a focus on family agriculture in general. The research findings contribute to the academic understanding of the reality of family farmers in Brazil in the face of climate change and can help formulate public policies aimed at adapting the sector to the challenges posed by climate change. |
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9
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JULIANA RAMOS PARREIRA DE SOUZA
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IS THE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHES AN UTOPIA? Study on the consumption behavior of consumers with knowledge of the socio-environmental impacts of the clothing industry.
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Líder : ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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JOAO PAULO FARIA TASSO
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MARIA DE FATIMA FERREIRA PORTILHO
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Data: 13-jul-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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We live in a consumerist society, where social and economic relations are measured by what is consumed and how much is consumed. This society, and its way of life, conflicts with the Sustainable Development Goals. The necessary measures to minimize the social and environmental impacts of this new society are complex and interdisciplinary. Apparently, the consumer is a key element for such transformations, especially those with sustainable behavior. The fashion industry is a clear reflection of all the issues present in a society centered on consumption, excessive production and disposal, high pollution, labor issues and a complex production chain involved. In it, the consumer, generally manipulated by various stimuli, assumes a behavior of compulsive consumption. However, there is a minority consuming according to the pillars of sustainable development and they were the subjects of this research. Is sustainable consumption behavior the result of knowledge about such problems? What is needed for more consumers to change their consumption behavior? These are questions that guided this research divided into two stages. In the first one, through a survey, 178 participants were evaluated, the level of knowledge (good, medium, weak) regarding the environmental and social impacts of the fashion industry and the level of consumption behavior (degrading, potential, unsustainable, almost perfect, ideal). In the second stage, through semi-structured interviews, 20 participants from the first stage with a good level of sustainable consumption were interviewed in order to identify what led them to develop such a sustainable consumption behavior. As main results, it was identified that, although there is no causal relationship, knowing about the impacts influences consumers to have better purchasing behavior, in addition to being an important educational channel. The more sustainable consumption of clothes emerged as an evolution of sustainability in other day-to-day practices, under the influence of environments and close people, and practical experiences with consumerism and problems in the clothing industry. These are the main factors that influenced the change in the interviewees' behavior.
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10
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MARIANA GOMES RABELLO MOTTA
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The woman and her fruits: contribution of the Cerrado in the Kalunga quilombola extractive
agriculture system
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Líder : LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CECILIA RICARDO FERNANDES
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CLAUDIA SOUZA
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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Data: 18-sep-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In the Cerrado, family farming has the characteristic of constituting a system of extractive
agriculture. The produce can be varied and is, therefore, referred to as the ensemble of different productive
activities of the family in its property. In the federal state of Goiás, in the area now recognized by the
government of Goiás as a Kalunga Historical and Cultural Heritage Site (SHPCK) and by the UN as the
first Territory and Area Conserved by Indigenous and Local Communities (TICCA) in Brazil, the Kalunga
people make use of the resources provided by the biome for self-consumption and commercialization. Due
to their isolation, they have developed a strong bond with the biome and the conditions of their survival.
Thus, the residents of the Kalunga community Vão de Almas are farmers, extractivists and some maintain
the tradition of fishing. Extractivism not only generates income, it provides products for consumption and
for the manufacture of utensils and tools. The extractive practice is, therefore, more than an activity that
allows a financial return for those who exercise it. It is part of the tradition of these people. Using the
LUME method, a tool capable of absorbing the relationships between the social, economic and ecological
areas within the extractive agricultural system, the general objective of this work is to analyze the function
of extractivism of Cerrado fruits in Kalunga productive systems and to understand how these ensure the
minimum conditions for the social reproduction of families. With the specific objectives, it is desired: i) to
characterize the extractive agricultural system; ii) to identify and to map the flows of inputs, products,
monetary and non-monetary income of the extractive agricultural system; iii) to describe the social division
of labor within the extractive agricultural system. The results showed that extractive activity is the
responsibility of women; as a rule, extractivism is always associated with some other source of income and
does not cover the main expenses, but it is an important income for the social reproduction of families;
Agricultural production and animal husbandry translate into the community's self-sufficiency and
encompass an income strategy for families. The strength that exists in this people-territory relationship
translates into the resistance of a people and the guarantee that they will not erase the history of the
Kalunga. There is a clear need for a social organization that contemplates the residents of the entire
territory, that promotes equal distribution of the opportunities that arrive and that overcomes the existing
personal conflicts, aiming at the strengthening of the community.
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11
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THAÍS EVANGELISTA COUTINHO
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Fisheries institutions in Brazil: trajectories, changes and interest groups between 1962 and 2022.
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Líder : MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA CAPPELLARO
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FABIANO TONI
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SUELY MARA VAZ GUIMARÃES DE ARAÚJO
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GILBERTO SALES
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Data: 21-sep-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Marine and inland fisheries and aquaculture have a crucial role in the food security, culture, and livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fisheries for income and essential nutrition. In Brazil, although fishing occupies an insignificant part of the national GDP, it has social, economic, and cultural importance, mainly for artisanal fishermen and vulnerable populations. Brazil has a history of negligence in fisheries management, represented by institutional political instability, the poor implementation of public policies, and the lack of official data on the state of fish stocks. Assuming that the current scenario of national fishing is the result of decades of flawed public policies, we propose to conduct a historical analysis to understand how interest groups linked to industrial fishing and the instability of formal fishing institutions are related to the current scenario of the Brazilian fishing sector, in which the environmental pillar of sustainability is not present. In this research, I split it into two parts. In the first phase, I conducted a historical investigation on how organized industrial fisheries interest groups became more active and influential and the strategies they used to influence fisheries policies. In the second part, I propose two potential causes that could explain the outcome: (C₁) organized industrial fisheries interest groups and (C₂) institutional instability. The C₁ was based on the theory of interest groups and empirical evidence that public policies established for industrial fishing in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s promoted the strengthening and organization of interest groups that began to act to influence public policies in favor of industrial fishing. The C₂ proposes that the instability of government fisheries institutions, observed since the second half of the 1990s, interfered in the implementation of fisheries public policies. The research has a time frame between 1962 and 2022, which begins with the creation of a federal autarchy that was exclusively responsible for fisheries policies for more than two decades and ends with the last year of the far-right government elected in 2018. The concepts and theoretical models that guided the analysis in this research come from the tradition of Historical Institutionalism. I applied historical research methodology in the first phase, and in the second, I used congruence methodology as a case study investigation model that enabled us to make inferences about causal relationships. The results show evidence that the ideas that existed about the potential for fisheries production and socioeconomic benefits in Brazil were the motivators for the implementation of fisheries policies that provided incentives for the action of industrial fisheries interest groups and their role in influencing the development of policies that serve their interests. These groups acted against policies aimed at restricting the fishing of overexploited fish stocks, which began in the early 1990s. Evidence shows that the institutional instability observed since the mid-1990s is possibly related to the actions of these interest groups to reduce policies focused on the conservation and recovery of overfished stocks. The far-right government elected in 2018 withdrew the federal environmental agencies from fishing management and appointed a representative of industrial fishing as the head of the new department responsible for the fisheries sector. Understanding how these causes have contributed to the construction of the current scenario of Brazilian national fisheries can help plan a path for sustainable fisheries in the medium and long term.
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12
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CAMILA DE SOUZA SOUTO
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USES OF FIRE IN THE QUILOMBOLA KALUNGA TERRITORY: PRACTICES AND PERCEPTIONS
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Líder : CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CECILIA RICARDO FERNANDES
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CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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JOSE LUIZ DE ANDRADE FRANCO
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LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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Data: 27-sep-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The traditional practices of fire use by Quilombola communities are poorly documented in the literature. In this study, we aim
to describe the fire-use practices among the Kalunga Quilombola communities. We seek to document the timing of fire use for
slash-and-burn agriculture and cattle grazing and also identify, based on Kalunga perceptions, the main external factors
influencing controlled burns, such as climate changes and changes in land use in the Cerrado region. The study was conductedin four regions within the Kalunga Quilombola Territory (TQK), namely Vão de Almas, Vão do Moleque, Prata, and Engenho. For field data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with residents who use fire in their traditional practices and some Prevfogo/Ibama firefighters operating in the Territory. Additionally, guided tours were conducted to identify and describe productive areas. Among the interviewees, all use fire in their productive practices, but there are changes in the timing of controlled burns for productive purposes. The Kalunga people have noticed changes in vegetation and alterations in the hydrological cycle, which influence the use of fire for productive practices. The changes in rainfall seasons perceived by the interviewees were corroborated with climatic data from the region. When describing the reasons for changes in vegetation, there are variations in responses, so it is not clear to all Kalunga what factors truly cause these changes; however, large monoculture plantations in the Cerrado have been impacting the flow of groundwater and surface water in a way that can bring alterations to native vegetation. This research contributes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating local perceptions into territorial management, as well as taking a closer look at the use of fire as a land management tool and exploring the potential impacts of changes over time on traditional fire-use practices.
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13
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SAMIRA PINHO BEZERRA DE ANDRADE
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MAPPING SMALL DEFORESTATION IN PRIMARY FOREST: A CASE STUDY IN RIO NEGRO AND PURANGA CONQUISTA SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT RESERVES
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Líder : CARLOS HIROO SAITO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CARLOS HIROO SAITO
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CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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Ana I.R. Cabral
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Anne-Elisabeth Laques
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Data: 22-dic-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Deforestation control is essential to avoid the impacts of forest loss. Therefore, understanding the process of opening small areas in primary forest is essential for the development of more detailed models, so that they are more representative of the local context, more refined and can support the construction of public policies such as the Bolsa Floresta Program (PBF). In this context, remote sensing (SR) appears as a promising tool, providing sufficient spatial and temporal coverage for the monitoring of small forest openings in the Amazon region. The objective of this work was to identify and quantify deforestation in areas larger than 0.5 ha of primary forests before and after the implementation of: Bolsa Floresta Program (PBF) in the Sustainable Development Reserves (RDS) of Rio Negro and Puranga Conquista, in the state of Amazonas. For this purpose, the methodology consisted of using spectral indices of vegetation such as the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) that is sensitive to moisture levels in the vegetation, and the implementation of the PBF as the initial temporal marker for each RDS with three subsequent periods. The mapping showed, in general, that there is a downward trend regarding the opening of new areas in primary forest. However, when compared to the official data, the methodology used in this study is more sensitive, presenting increases in deforestation per period with values ten times higher. The results show the efforts of local families to comply with the rules of zero deforestation of the PBF and, as a consequence, the more detailed data, using this methodology, are essential to understand the dynamics of deforestation in small areas.
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Tesis |
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1
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Georgia Moutella Jordão
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The National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production from the perspective of the water-energy-food Nexus: a proposal to analyze and (re)integrate the policy in the Federal Government
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Líder : CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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FLAVIANE DE CARVALHO CANAVESI
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IRACEMA FERREIRA DE MOURA
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MARCEL BURSZTYN
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REGINA HELENA ROSA SAMBUICHI
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Data: 24-ene-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production (PNAPO) was established by Decree No. 7,794 in 2012, with the aim of integrating, articulating and adapting policies, programs and actions that induce the agroecological transition and organic and agroecological-based production (BRAZIL, 2012). Despite the existence of works that addressed the analysis of the conception, results, impacts and, more recently, the dismantling of this public policy, after 10 years of its publication, there are still gaps about (i) what impacts the recent institutional changes (2016-2020) provoked in the governance structure of the policy within the scope of the Federal Government; and, ii) means of leveraging the PNAPO as a coordinated institutional arrangement. Considering the convergence between PNAPO's objectives and the integrating potential inherent in the Nexus WEF (water-energy-food) conceptual approach, this rationale was operationalized in guidelines and analytical tools. To explore the identified knowledge gaps, a review of the scientific literature on the WEF Nexus approach was conducted. It was proposed to categorize the main WEF Nexus approaches into a set of analysis perspectives and combining them with social networking tools, they were used as a guide to analyze the impacts of recent institutional changes (2016-2020) on the governance structure of the PNAPO in the Federal Government. The research results show that the interministerial network responsible for the governance of PNAPO's socio-environmental security agenda is weakened, formally disjointed and that 80% of initiatives related to the socio-environmental security agenda are contradictorily sectoralized in MAPA and in related entities (Anater, Embrapa and Incra). In order to identify ways to leverage the execution of PNAPO in the Government as a coordinated arrangement, three tools inspired by WEF Nexus were developed and applied with managers and former managers of PNAPO in the public sector: the Matrix of synergies and trade offs, the MSTO; the summary measures of precedence, dependence and codependency; and the intersectoral cooperation networks. From the triangulation of the inputs of the analysis section with the feedbacks of the tools, the research concludes that the MMA, INCRA, Anater and Embrapa, central sectors of the governance network of the socio-environmental security agenda of PNAPO, do not have, in the political and current federal government (2019-2022), institutional capacity to coordinate the maintenance of the policy in the central government. Finally, it is recommended, through structural adjustments, that the informal governance in practice by MAPA's Organic Production Coordination should be the main inspiration for managing the maintenance of the policy in government. In the governance model proposed to manage the PNAPO in the Federal Government, it is identified the need to create a technical panel chaired by the MMA and with attributions and functions of control and support for decision-making. An inter-ministerial institutional arrangement is discussed that serves both to minimize losses in the current political context and to promote a more effective resumption in an eventual policy shift that brings movements more aligned with the agenda of sustainable family farming. Complementarily, the thesis research proposes a roadmap for applying the WEF Nexus approach for analysis and integration of governance of intersectoral policies.
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2
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GABRIEL LEUZINGER COUTINHO
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Transições para a sustentabilidade multi-sistema em países em desenvolvimento: um estudo de caso do carro elétrico no Brasil
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Líder : ARMANDO DE AZEVEDO CALDEIRA PIRES
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ARMANDO DE AZEVEDO CALDEIRA PIRES
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CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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AUGUSTO CESAR DE MENDONCA BRASIL
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FLAVIA LUCIANE CONSONI DE MELLO
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Gilmar dos Santos Marques
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Data: 30-ene-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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O sistema sociotécnico de mobilidade urbana ainda segue uma tendência de aumento de seus padrões não sustentáveis. Existem muitas propostas para tornar a mobilidade urbana sustentável, mas não há consenso sobre a sua definição e operacionalização. Destas propostas, a mobilidade elétrica pode ser a mais fácil de ser implementada no Brasil. A transição para carros elétricos envolve muitos sistemas sociotécnicos, como mobilidade urbana e eletricidade. A maior parte das teorias e tipologias usadas atualmente no campo das transições para a sustentabilidade foram elaboradas em países desenvolvidos e podem não ser adequadas para explicar transições envolvendo múltiplos sistemas sociotécnicos em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo desta tese é explicar como o sistema sociotécnico de eletricidade influencia a transição para o carro elétrico no Brasil. A ontologia e a epistemologia adotadas na pesquisa estão próximas do pragmatismo e do realismo crítico. O framework teórico utilizado é a perspectiva multinível e a estratégia adotada é o estudo de caso. O caso selecionado foi a Chamada 22 da ANEEL. Dois métodos diferentes de coleta de dados são usados: dados secundários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados coletados mostram que o sistema sociotécnico de eletricidade está interagindo com o nicho do carro elétrico de diversas maneiras e estas interações não podem ser reduzidas a um único padrão. A maior parte dos atores do sistema sociotécnico de eletricidade não está interessada na transição para carros elétricos, mas alguns atores relevantes deste sistema sociotécnico, notadamente incumbentes, estão ajudando a consolidar o nicho do carro elétrico. Eles estão colaborando com a criação de uma rede de atores em torno dos carros elétricos, ajudando a criar processos de aprendizado em múltiplas dimensões e contribuindo para a articular expectativas e visões sobre mobilidade elétrica, melhorando a infraestrutura de recarga de carros elétricos no Brasil, desenvolvendo novos modelos de negócios para tornar a recarga de carros elétricos lucrativa, e ajudando a melhorar a regulação sobre carros elétricos. Verificou-se também que a falta de uma orientação normativa clara está contribuindo para retardar a transição para carros elétricos no Brasil. A competição entre carros elétricos e biocombustíveis está levando vários atores a postergar investimentos em mobilidade elétrica. O estudo de caso revelou também que atores transnacionais têm papel importante na Chamada 22. Estes atores ajudam os atores locais a ter acesso a recursos globais, e servem como uma ponte com outros experimentos sustentáveis ao redor do mundo.
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3
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Milanya Ribeiro da Silva
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RURAL WORKING WOMEN IN THE CARIRI OESTE REGION: (RE)THINKING THE INTEGRATION OF THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE INTO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Líder : DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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POLLIANA DE LUNA NUNES BARRETO
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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IZABEL CRISTINA BRUNO BACELLAR ZANETI
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SUELY SALGUEIRO CHACON
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XIMENA PAMELA CLAUDIA DIAZ BERMUDEZ
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Data: 16-feb-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This work is part of a discussion on the integration of a gender perspective into Sustainable Development, considering that the issue of Sustainable Development and debates on gender and development are part of a global governance process. When treated in this way, international agreements interfere with national/local public policies and, consequently, impact people's lives. The Sustainable Development proposal is that development needs to be fair and inclusive, therefore the real demands of women need to be heard and considered so that they are actually included as actors in new development models. The central objective of this thesis is to understand the demands of rural women workers in the semi-arid region in order to rescue their contributions to the integration of the gender perspective to sustainability and to value the protagonism of these women. For that, an empirical study was carried out in the Cariri Oeste region, in the interior of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. 32 women were interviewed using the oral life history method. Women from the Semiarid region play a very important role in the continuity of this territory, as they have remained in this space even in adverse situations and have taken on socioeconomic and cultural activities during long periods of drought. The results show that the debates on gender and development have gone through some phases since the 1950s, but there have been few recent changes within the creation of a strategy focused on the discussion of gender and sustainable development. The international agendas for Sustainable Development have repeated elements that generate the maintenance of women's invisibility and their distance from political participation and decision-making activities. These demands can be perceived in the empirical study. The interviewed women presented needs related to the recognition of their performance in agricultural activities more adapted to the climatic conditions of the Semiarid region, reconfiguration of women's autonomy in family relationships, mainly in decision-making capacity, and greater conditions for political participation. The conclusions show that the demands of rural women workers in the Semiarid region are not only different from the focus of international agendas for Sustainable Development, but sometimes the actions that these women are carrying out still need to be considered within the scope of these agendas.
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4
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Gudo-Bai Armando Maidjelele
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FACTORS OF THE INCIDENCE OF URBAN FLOOD RISK IN BEIRA CITY, MOZAMBIQUE
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Líder : LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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EDSON VICENTE DA SILVA
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JORGE MANUEL DO ROSÁRIO TRINDADE
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GLADSTON LUIZ DA SILVA
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LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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STEPHANIE CAROLINE NASUTI
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Data: 24-feb-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The severity and frequency of urban flooding has increased in recent years in Mozambican cities. Alteration of the urban microclimate due to the impacts of global climate change and uncontrolled urban sprawl may also exacerbate the situation in the future. Under this premise, this research aimed to analyze the factors of the incidence of flood risks and their socio-environmental consequences in Beira, Mozambique, in the period from 1979 to 2020, as well as to understand if people's perceptions related to floods are consistent with the factors flood risk contributors. The identified factors are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and municipal management capacity. First, the decadal expansion of urban areas and its effects on flood risk were quantified, applying multitemporal satellite images Landsat Multispectral Scanner System [MSS], Multispectral Scanner System [TM] and Operational Land Imager [OLI], acquired in the years 1989, 1999, 2008 and 2019. Then, the variability and trends of annual precipitation and temperature in Beira were analyzed to estimate the possible impact of climate change. Next. areas susceptible to flooding were mapped, with the selection of seven conditioning factors and historic flooding points in all neighborhoods of the city of Beira. Thus, the statistical method of logistic regression (LR) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used to assess flood susceptibility. In order to understand local perceptions of flood risks, a structured questionnaire was applied through face-to-face research and Google Forms. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from 230 respondents in 16 neighborhoods of different population sizes. Finally, the role of Mozambican institutions in flood risk management was presented, as well as the proposal for managing urban flood risks in the city of Beira. The results indicate that (i) the nature of urban flooding is dictated by the degree of interaction between socioeconomic, institutional, environmental and infrastructure factors and (ii) the neglect, ambiguity and inconsistency that characterize the institutional political landscape play a vital role in co-evolution of urban flood hotspots. Overall, this research contributes to an in-depth understanding of the role of multiple context-specific urban conditions in flooding, a key prerequisite for designing robust approaches to flood management.
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5
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Melissa Del Carmen Solórzano González
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MECANISMOS POLÍTICOS DE DESPOSSESSÃO: APROPRIAÇÃO DE TERRA NOS TERRITÓRIOS INDÍGENAS DA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA BOSAWAS
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Líder : SERGIO SAUER
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALBERTO ALONSO FRADEJAS
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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MONICA CELEIDA RABELO NOGUEIRA
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SELMIRA FLORES DE MORA
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SERGIO SAUER
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Data: 04-abr-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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O objetivo desta tese foi analisar o processo de invasão e apropriação de terra nos territórios indígenas da Reserva da Biosfera Bosawas, como fenômeno histórico, através dos mecanismos políticos de despossessão de terras comunais indígenas, implementados ou promovidos pelo e desde o Estado da Nicarágua. Foi realizada uma revisão documental e foram entrevistados dezesseis atores-chave para analisar os processos históricos de controle da terra e dos recursos –apropriação para acumulação de capital–, e a despossessão de terras comunais na Nicarágua. Esse processo de despossessão tem sido uma política promovida pelo Estado, produto do contubérnio das elites políticas e econômicas para a inserção do país no mercado global, e por uma visão racista e de desprezo pelo que é indígena. O Estado da Nicarágua sempre procurou mecanismos para uma reapropriação e controle sistemático das terras e recursos nas mãos das comunidades indígenas. A criação da Reserva da Biosfera Bosawas gerou uma sobreposição de proprietários, os territórios passaram para o controle do Estado, mas são territórios tradicionalmente ocupados pelas comunidades indígenas Misquitas e Mayangnas. Com o governo Ortega (2007-2026) formou-se um novo ciclo de apropriação de terras, com grandes transferências de terras no contexto do boom das commodities e das múltiplas crises, aprofundando o modelo agroexportador, concentração fundiária e colonização de territórios indígenas. Neste período houve uma aparente contradição em suas políticas fundiárias nas comunidades indígenas do Caribe.Vinte e três territórios indígenas foram titulados, reivindicando seus direitos de propriedade e controle de recursos. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, aumentou a exploração dos recursos naturais e a violência, e há inação diante da colonização e do conflito pela terra, alimentando o conflito inter-étnico entre os mestiços e as comunidades indígenas que defendem e reivindicam o saneamento de seus territórios ancestrais. Além disso, nenhum outro governo tinha conseguido minar as organizações comunitárias, com a criação de governos paralelos quando as comunidades resistem à espoliação e às concessões de seus territórios.
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6
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Adriana Maria Magalhães de Moura
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Integration of environmental and agricultural policies in Brazil: conflicts, convergences and challenges
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Líder : MARCEL BURSZTYN
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CAROLINA MILHORANCE DE CASTRO
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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MARCEL BURSZTYN
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REGINA HELENA ROSA SAMBUICHI
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SAULO RODRIGUES PEREIRA FILHO
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Data: 15-jun-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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One of the major current challenges for Brazilian development is to maintain the growth of agricultural production while reducing its impacts on natural resources and society. In this sense, the improvement of the integration between these themes in the political sphere can be seen as a central issue, both for achieving better results in environmental policy, as well as for the conduct of agricultural policy in sustainable standards.This work sought to analyze the trajectory of recent Brazilian agricultural policy at the federal level, regarding its convergences (integration) and conflicts (incoherence) with Brazilian environmental policy, as well as the opportunities, obstacles, and challenges for the integration process between these two policies. The qualitative study was based on a systematic review of the literature on the subject; documentary analysis; analysis of environmental and agricultural legislation and analysis of several databases available on the agricultural sector, with temporal coverage until the year 2022. The analysis showed that the areas preserved in rural properties have been an important contribution to the maintenance of native vegetation in the country. The adoption of sustainable agricultural systems and practices has also been advancing every year in Brazil, although its coverage area is still reduced, representing a minority portion of the production area in crops and pastures. The numbers associated with more environmentally impactful practices, in turn, still represent a major challenge for the sustainability of Brazilian agriculture. Regarding coordination between environmental and agricultural policies, it was found that the movements between the two policies are contradictory – sometimes convergent, sometimes still conflicting. On the one hand, it is observed that many environmental issues have been perceived and internalized by the agricultural sector. On the other hand, there is still a misalignment between policies, which indicates that the conditions for integrated government action to occur between the two policies have not yet fully materialized. Thus, the results indicate that there are still challenges to be overcome, but that there have been important changes in order to overcome some aspects of the historical incongruity between environmental and agricultural policies in Brazil
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7
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Marie Jeanne Pascale Opplert
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Perceptions and motivations of rural youth in relation to agricultural activity: the cases of Rio Grande do Sul and Marajó Island.
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Líder : DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JEAN-FRANÇOIS TOURRAND
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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EMILIE SUZANNE COUDEL
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JANAINA DEANE DE ABREU SA DINIZ
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MARCEL BURSZTYN
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Data: 21-jul-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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At both local and global levels, rangelands are critical due to their diverse strategic functions from an environmental, social and economic perspective. They cover almost a third of the Earth's surface, often in dry, cold or humid areas, or on non-arable land valorised through grazing (DONG et al., 2016). In these areas, farming is not only central to the management of the landscape: it is also an essential component of heritage, tradition and local knowledge (TOURRAND et al., 2015). While pastures and extensive agricultural production contribute to the production of ecosystem services (BLANFORT et al., 2015), temperate rangelands are the most degraded, most threatened and least protected biome on the planet. In Brazil, natural rangelands and farming and livestock production are being confronted with agricultural expansion (mainly of soy, rice and eucalyptus), leading to the irreversible destruction of natural ecosystems. In recent decades, this phenomenon has been amplified by the rural exodus, which leads to the aging of families and the concentration of land by agribusiness. Faced with the massive exodus of rural youth to the cities, what are the motivations of the youth staying or leaving the countryside and the farming activity? What are the perceptions of young farmers' sons and daughters about the valorisation of rural youth and family succession? Our research combines field surveys and online questionnaires (due to the covid-19 pandemic) in contrasting regions of South America: Pampa and Serra Gaúcha in Rio Grande do Sul, and natural rangelands of Marajó Island. Our research shows that the majority of the interviewees aspire to live in the countryside. Access to education is given as the primary reason for leaving rural areas, and the desire to remain in the countryside is greater in areas where access to education is better assessed. The central role of road maintenance and school transportation also stands out, reinforced by the current trend of decreasing the number of rural schools and creating hub schools. In addition to education, our results suggest that better access to health would encourage the permanence of the youth in rural areas. Regarding the role of public policies, our results show that most of the youths' farms have never benefited from technical assistance from the government. The youth interviewed deplore the bureaucracy of procedures for obtaining financing and technical assistance, as well as the difficulty in accessing information. Finally, our results show that current public policies for financing agricultural and livestock production tend to be sporadic and do not offer a long-term follow-up.
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8
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PRISCYLLA DAYSE ALMEIDA GONÇALVES MENDES
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INTERACTION OF CLIMATE POLICIES IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION: INSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUES AND THE MITIGATION-ADAPTATION RELATIONSHIP
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Líder : SAULO RODRIGUES PEREIRA FILHO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CRISTIANE GOMES BARRETO
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JULIO CESAR DOS REIS
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MARCEL BURSZTYN
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SAULO RODRIGUES PEREIRA FILHO
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STOECIO MALTA FERREIRA MAIA
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Data: 31-jul-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The relationship between human and nature permeates the evolution of human thought about the notion of development. With the emergence of the concept of sustainable development, arise the concern about climate change. Climate projections show to a high concentration of GHG in the Earth's atmosphere and a significant increase in global temperature. Strategies for to lead with climate change involve two central dimensions, mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation and adaptation differ in their concepts, approaches, scope, time dimension, scales of implementation and monitoring metrics. However, more recent studies show to a path towards integrating mitigation and adaptation, especially in sectors such as agriculture and forestry. On the other hand, discussions within Policy Science indicate an analysis of the policy-making process in multilevel governance environments. In this context, this thesis proposes to analyze the configurations and dynamics established in the institutional relations of interaction within the policy-making process of national climate public policies for agriculture in the Submédio region of the São Francisco River. For this, a survey was executed out of the political-institutional frameworks of the climate policy for agriculture in Brazil and 42 semi-structured interviews were executed out with representatives of 18 institutions. The results show to the prioritization of mitigation strategies to the detriment of adaptation actions, in addition to a low effort towards for a more integrated process, despite the high potential observed. It is concluded that there is still a long way to go to find optimal solutions towards for a more sustainable development in the region.
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9
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PAULA EMÍLIA OLIVEIRA PIMENTEL
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SCENARIOS FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION IN BRAZIL 2040
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Líder : ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ELIMAR PINHEIRO DO NASCIMENTO
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ALEXANDRE BETINARDI STRAPASSON
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MARIA AMELIA DE PAULA DIAS
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MARIA AMÉLIA RODRIGUEZ DA SILVA ENRIQUEZ
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Elaine Coutinho Marcial
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Data: 25-oct-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The global energy matrix has gone through two major periods of change that accompanied the industrial revolutions. The first period refers to the change in the predominance of the use of firewood as a source of energy to natural coal, during the first industrial revolution (s. XVIII/XIX). The second period was marked by the transition from coal to oil, during the second industrial revolution (19th/20th century). In the 21st century, the global energy matrix is undergoing a third transition since 2008, the year in which oil reached its highest prices per barrel. The ongoing transition expands the share of lower cost, accessible and clean energies in greenhouse gas emissions. As countries expand their opportunities for access, security and energy efficiency, international organizations encourage, based on environmental sustainability actions, the movement that encourages the decarbonization of the global matrix. In this context, Brazil occupies a prominent and contradictory place, which represents a challenge, with more than 48% of its energy matrix composed of renewable energies, at the same time that it is the ninth largest oil producer in the world and with great potential for expansion with the pre-salt fields. On the other hand, it has great potential to expand the production of clean energy, through sources: wind, solar, biofuels, green hydrogen and others. The challenge for Brazil lies in how to expand the share of renewable energies in a country rich in fossil fuels, as well as in maintaining exports of these commodities. This work was concerned with analyzing which path Brazil can follow, based on the construction of scenarios for the 2040 horizon. Four scenarios were constructed based on the vision of specialists in the energy sector, and can be reflection narratives for planners and decision makers for a better competitive insertion of organizations and the country in the current energy transition. The scenarios involve uncertainties about the speed of the transition and the impact of economic development and technological innovations. For Brazil, the price of oil, the cost of new energy, regulation, public policies and pressure for environmental sustainability are the key factors to be monitored in the country. The result of the work points to a gradual transition in Brazil until 2040.
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10
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LUIZ FELIPE PIMENTA DE MORAES
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Socio-environmental vulnerability to climate change in Sustainable Use Conservation Units in the Amazon: a case study in Lower Tapajós, Pará.
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Líder : ANA KARINE PEREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANA KARINE PEREIRA
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DORIS ALEIDA VILLAMIZAR SAYAGO
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STEPHANIE CAROLINE NASUTI
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LETÍCIA BRITTO
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LUIZ FRANCISCO DITZEL FARACO
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Data: 16-nov-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The general objective of this research was to evaluate the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the riverine population in relation to climate change in the Amazon, based on local perception; and investigate whether factors such as risk perception, social capital, and the management instruments of Federal Conservation Units contribute to coping with it. This work mobilized qualitative and quantitative methods, combining primary and secondary data related to two case studies: Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RTA), in the lower Tapajós river, state of Pará. Despite being a relatively recent phenomenon, the riverine populations of the FNT and RTA demonstrated that they noticed changes in relation to the main climatic variables related to their way of life in the Amazon. There was a perception of a shorter “Summer”- starting later, greater accumulated annual rainfall, and floods with greater duration and intensity. Among the events considered most extreme, large forest fires proved to be the most worrying for the population. Regarding impacts on production systems, the change (decrease) in manioc productivity in recent years was related to changes in the rainfall regime and the length of the seasons. As for fishing, changes in productivity (decrease) were more related to overfishing and disregard for local regulations. However, these perceptions were not sufficient to manifest adaptive responses consistently in the region. Even though there are no marked differences between the perception of risk regarding environmental variables, extreme events, or in relation to changes related to family farming and fishing between residents of the two UCs; there were differences in relation to adaptive responses to productive activities, and to management instruments. No causal condition investigated was sufficient to manifest adaptive responses, by itself. Risk perception has not been ruled out as a necessary condition for the manifestation of adaptive responses. Social capital and local governance were discarded as necessary conditions, perhaps deserving a combined analysis with other variables to assess their real influence in relation to adaptation. Considering the policies already developed in relation to sustainable use conservation units, and the scope for implementing others in the context of UC governance, they reaffirm their leading role in combating the effects of climate change.
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11
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GUADALUPE SOUZA SÁTIRO
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Political Agroecology: sovereignty, security and autonomy from the agrarian-food perspective in the Sergipe territory
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Líder : SERGIO SAUER
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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SERGIO SAUER
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LAURA ANGELICA FERREIRA DARNET
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CLAUDIA JOB SCHMITT
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DANIELA NOGUEIRA SOARES
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ERIC PIERRE JEAN SABOURIN
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JOSE PAULO PIETRAFESA
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Data: 08-dic-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This thesis contributes to the formulation, in dispute, of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical body of Political Agroecology applicable and linked to territories. There is a field-arena around Political Agroecology. For this reason, there is a great need to identify the actors and agents involved, and what types of actions are undertaken by these actors (which can be people and institutions) that manifest rights-claiming relationships, struggles and disputes in different spaces and times. The debate around Political Agroecology is quite contemporary, in dispute and reconstruction. The theoretical-analytical contribution proposed with this thesis to the literature of Political Agroecology, particularly, is to update the debate and conceptual, methodological, and analytical gaps with new questions not posed centrally, to investigate the challenges surrounding agroecological transition and transformation in territories. An analysis of the dimensions of sovereignty is provoked; security and autonomy in the agrarian-food perspective to think about the necessary conditions for the sociopolitical construction of Agroecology. Territory is the terrain of social reproduction and materialization of life, reciprocally affected by different power relations. The dialectical complementarity between the processes of transition and agroecological transformation is the first key to reading that this thesis raises. There is no duality and polarity between these two dimensions, nor should they be understood as synonymous, so as not to run the risk of making the debate and sociopolitical construction of agroecological transition and transformation in agroecosystems and territories superficial. The second reading key that this thesis raises is that individual, collective, and public actions for agroecological transition and transformation do not require material conditions of sovereignty, security and autonomy in the agrarian and food dimensions. By agrarian-food sovereignty we understand the conditions of governance in the realization of the right to land and food in the territories, and consequently, the conditions of permanence on the land, for the production and access to ecologically correct, economically viable, socially fair food and culturally diverse. Agrarian-food security complements this notion of sovereignty but is directly related to the notion of access to public policies to achieve security (food-nutritional; land, water; energy, etc.) in quantity; quality and regularity in agroecosystems. Agrarian-food autonomy, in turn, is a less systematized concept and implies recognition and analysis of decision-making in the context of domestic family relationships. These conceptions do not intend to be watertight and universal definitions, they seek to provoke and offer some analyzes that are still little explored and the importance of the interaction between these three dimensions. The field-arena of Agroecology is in constant expansion and contraction, as it articulates heterogeneous agents, individuals and/or institutions that are established in different space-times of daily struggles and disputes. The specific objectives of this thesis are: i) to characterize the theoretical-analytical and methodological dimensions of Political Agroecology; ii) analyze the actors, agents, institutions and types of actions that exist for agroecological transition and transformation in the territories; iii) understand the interactions and the relationship between the material conditions of sovereignty; security and autonomy in the agrarian and food dimensions for agroecological transition and transformation. The conclusion shows the relevance of the research carried out, both in theoretical and methodological terms, and presents suggestions for future studies.
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12
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LARISSA ALVES DA SILVA ROSA
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Participatory Method for the diagnosis and management of traditional territories: Landscape analysis as a Dialogue Tool
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Líder : CARLOS HIROO SAITO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CARLOS HIROO SAITO
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DIEGO PEREIRA LINDOSO
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GISELI GOMES DALLA NORA
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LARISA HO BECH GAIVIZZO
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VALDIR ADILSON STEINKE
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Data: 20-dic-2023
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The degradation of landscapes poses a threat to the preservation of traditional territories and lifestyles, where communities maintain close ties with natural elements. It is urgent to evaluate the quality of these landscapes to recognize their value and ensure the well-being of these populations. This research focused on developing a participatory methodology centered on landscape assessment. The main objectives were twofold: firstly, to create a comprehensive and resilient methodological framework for evaluating landscape quality in traditional communities; secondly, to implement this approach within the Traditional Community of Fundo de Pasto de Fartura. This implementation empowered local residents to assess and monitor landscape resources while proposing management strategies for these landscapes. Fieldwork played a crucial role in showcasing the practicality and applicability of the proposed method. Key aspects addressed encompassed establishing objectives for landscape quality and identifying pertinent local indicators, integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary landscape analysis tools. The participatory methodologies employed facilitated an understanding not only of the physical landscape but also of the perceptions, values, and cultural, historical, and economic ties that shape these territories. By actively engaging community members in the research process, dialogue was fostered among diverse perspectives and knowledge, aimed at developing landscape management strategies congruent with local needs and values. Field interactions underscored the significance of co-creating knowledge, enabling the identification of relevant indicators for the residents of the Fartura Community, proposing mechanisms for monitoring and assessing the quality of landscape resources. Importantly, the study showcased the operationality of the participatory method in managing traditional territories, offering tools for informed and sustainable decision-making regarding the landscape and traditional way of life within the Fartura Community. The findings emphasize the method's importance as a crucial tool for management, particularly in endeavors to enhance the quality of landscapes in traditional territories. By providing a sturdy and adaptable framework for landscape evaluation, this study holds significance in advancing sustainable management practices and safeguarding the distinctive features of landscapes in traditional communities, such as those within the Fundo de Pasto in Bahia.
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