This study sought to obtain empirical evidence to what degree the stimulation of executive functions could improve the school performance of students with learning disabilities. Stimulating the apprenticeship of these students requires from the teacher an attentive and individual look that in many moments is not possible due to school dynamics. The biggest difficulties faced by teachers are the lack of training, the difficulty in understanding the diagnoses and the difficulty in stimulating school performance. Neuropsychology presents some contributions that are promising. According to studies, stimulation of executive functions contributes to effective ways to improve school performance. This study was conducted on quasi-experimental design with the training of 13 teachers of brazilian public middle school. Cognitive tests were applied (TDE II and IDS-2) in 26 students, 17 were part of the experimental group (GE) and 9 from the control group (GC). The TDE II (Teste de Desempenho Escolar II) consists of three subtests: Arithmetic, Writing and Reading and the subtests of the Intelligence and Development Scales 2 evaluating executive functions: Attention, Inhibitory Control, Verbal Fluency, Verbal Memory, Visual Memory and Problem Solving. In GE, target activities were carried out stimulating executive functions based on the CENA program, which was adapted freely for elementary school to middle school, while in the GC no specific activities were undertaken. The effects of GC on school performance were small, but statistically significant. The effects of GC on school performance were not statistically significant. Stimulation of executive functions contributed to the increase of school performance in students with learning difficulties. The results of this study emphasize the importance of stimulating students in executive function from the beginning of the school process. Considering the limited number of participants in the current study, we suggest replicating the study with a larger sample.

The application of learned knowledge and skills from training to work situations, known as transfer of learning, poses a challenge for both workers and organizations. It involves contextual and individual characteristics. In this context, individuals can engage in self-regulation processes to achieve their application goals. Diagnosing and intervening in this process can enhance the effectiveness of training. This dissertation aimed to: construct and validate a measure of self-regulation in transfer of learning; examine the relationship between this self-regulation, training impact, and the mediating role of self-regulation in the relationship between psychosocial support for transfer and training impact. Additionally, it aimed to investigate whether a post-training intervention could enhance self-regulation for transfer of learning and training impact. Two studies were conducted. In the first, items for the SelfRegulation Scale of Transfer of Learning were developed based on existing scientific literature, as no measures of self-regulation for that transfer existed. Data from 406 workers from a large Brazilian public company underwent Exploratory Factor Analysis and discriminant and predictive validity checks. In the second study, hypotheses were tested using multiple regression, mediation analysis, and MANOVA with a sample of 286 workers from the same public company. The Self-Regulation Scale of Transfer of Learning showed reliability evidence in affective and dispositional processes (α=0.91), cognitive and planning processes (α=0.92), and behavioral processes (α=0.88), as well as predictive validity for training impact (p<0.001). Hypothesis testing results indicated a significant relationship between training impact in depth and affective and dispositional processes (b=0.43; p<0.001) and cognitive and planning processes (b=0.16; p<0.001). These processes also mediated the relationship between psychosocial support for transfer and its impact (b=0.325; p<0.001). The intervention to promote self-regulation did not yield significant results. The findings of the studies underscore the importance of self-regulation in transfer of learning for training impact and can support more effective diagnostics and interventions aimed at improving training effects.

This study investigated, from the perspective of Lacanian Psychoanalysis and the intersections with Platform Studies and the Sociology of Work, which subjects platformized work has produced in the face of
the set of voices of the digital colonial capitalist discourse. The exploratory nature and qualitative approach of the research were conducted through open interviews with 13 active Uber drivers registered on the
platform. The collected data were processed based on Bardin's (1977) thematic content analysis, with the
material arranged in a memorial format. The data analysis comprised four categories: enchanted subject,
evoked subject, algorithmized subject, and colonized subject; characterized through the logic of hyperconnectivity, anthropophagic logic, logic of self- expropriation, and colonizing logic, respectively. The
discussion of the categories contributes to the unveiling of the deformation process of the platformized
worker, understanding the promises and forms of enchantment enunciated, highlighting the promulgation
of counter-revolutionary ideals, and the specificity of the subjective adjustments imposed on this/these
subject(s)

The accelerated dynamic of the contemporary organizational environment imposes on companies theconstant need for adaptation and change. In this scenario, readiness to  change emerges as a critical factor for organizational success. The Manuscript 1  presents a systematic review of the literature that sought to identify studies of  readiness for change in the organizational context from 2018 to 2023. The studies showed a greater presence of predictive research and Instrument validation, both at the individual and organizational level, with the majority of research in the health sector. In correlational studies, the variables frequently associated with readiness for change were success in implementation of change and leadership support. The studies alsoidentified important gaps in the literature, such as the lack of a multidimensional approach,limitations in cultural contextualization, scarcity of longitudinal studies and challenges inmeasurement. Manuscript 2 sought to identify signs of validity for the instrumentof readiness for change at individual and group levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with independent samples were conducted. The data revealed good fit indices and demonstrated that thefactorial structure composed by 4 factors is suitable for measurement in the Brazilian context. This validation is essential to ensure the reliability and accuracy of theinstrument in different organizational contexts. Finally, Manuscript 3 proposes the test of the prediction model between Organizational Practices, Leader Behavior,Readiness for Change and Well-Being through structural equations. The resultssuggest that leaders' communication can exert substantial influences on the relationshipbetween change management practices and readiness for change. This finding pointsimplications for the role of leaders in preparing teams for organizational change. The three manuscripts represent a significant contribution to the expansion of scientific knowledge in these areas, offering avalidated tool for assessing readiness for change in complex contextsand dynamic organizational structures. These discoveries not only enrich thetheoretical understanding about readiness for change, but also provide practical insightsfor managers and leaders who seek to promote and manage effective changes inorganizations. 

Telework is a modality that allows workers to carry out their activities away from the organizational environment with the help of technological resources. Given a context in the world of work of many transformations, one of them was no different: the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The pandemic brought several changes in the scenario in which the world finds itself today, among them an acceleration on the part of organizations in the migration of work to virtual environments and in carrying out activities remotely. With this, many questions related to the advantages and disadvantages associated with telework are raised, among them the relationship that this modality presents with well-being. Well-being, conceptualized in this study as the prevalence of positive emotions at work that encompass affective aspects, related to positive and negative affects (Paschoal & Tamayo, 2008), is addressed in this study based on several studies that are based on the Positive Psychology Theory and Social Exchange Theory, when verifying the relationship of Well-Being variables with Psychological Capital and Social Support (especially leadership support), respectively. This research aimed to analyze how psychological capital and social support, especially from leaders, influence well-being. As a specific objective, this research also intended to identify whether there was a significant difference in the perception of teleworkers in relation to the variables worked on when compared to face-to-face workers. The sample collected consisted of 1,256 participants from public organizations in Brazil, 84% of which are on-site workers and 61% are female. Descriptive statistics were calculated to characterize the sample and inferential statistics to carry out hypothesis tests and verify the research objectives, including Confirmatory Factor Analyzes to obtain evidence of validity of the instruments and Structural Equation Modeling, in which the relationships between the variables were tested: psychological capital, leadership support, positive affect and negative affect. The results indicated that the three scales used showed good evidence of validity of the internal structure considering the application in the Brazilian sample. Still, the results of Structural Equation Modeling showed that psychological capital and leadership support have positive relationships with positive affects, while they have negative relationships with negative affects. Therefore, the present study brought theoretical, methodological and practical contributions by deepening the investigation of topics relevant to telework, which suggest that the psychological capital of individuals and leadership support should be considered by organizations that intend to implement the telework regime or improve a current program, in order to create a favorable context for the well-being of these teleworkers.

Work engagement is a topic of great academic and organizational interest. Thus, the search for variables that can relate to and even predict work engagement has also become of research interest. In this study, we investigated the relationships between change-oriented leader behavior, job crafting, restoration and work engagement, in addition to the influences between these variables on engagement. Thus, the first study was a systematic review of the literature about restoration in the last five years. The second manuscript took into account the comparison of the leader's perception of behavior, job crafting, restoration and engagement in the context of teleworking, hybrid and face-to-face work to verify if there were differences. The third manuscript was based on the JD-R model to test a new model in which leader behavior towards change, job crafting and restaurant would work as predictor variables for work engagement and, in addition, it was also verified whether the restaurant variable would act as a mediator between leader and job crafting with engagements. The results of the research developed here have shown that the restoration variable has become relevant to be trained in the last five years and is related to variables such as well-being, performance. Work contexts change the perception of employees about leader support, creation, restoration and engagement. And, finally, the good and adjusted tested model showed that the leader's support, possibility of reinvention at work and restoration influence engagement at work. This study brings interesting results for the theoretical framework of variables and for organizations as a whole.

The general objective of this dissertation was to adapt the Interpersonal Generosity Scale (IGS) to the Brazilian context and to obtain initial evidence of the validity and reliability of the adapted scale. The original version of the IGS consists of 26 items, of which 14 are formulated positively and 12 negatively. The IGS was developed to measure the construct of interpersonal generosity, which is the degree to which people engage in activities that seek to improve the well-being of others. The dissertation contains two studies. In the first one, the adaptation of the IGS was carried out following the steps of translation, synthesis, evaluation by experts and back translation. The scale translated into Portuguese was named the Escala de Generosidade Interpessoal (EGI). In the second study, evidence of the validity and reliability of the EGI was obtained in a sample composed of 305 Brazilian subjects (69% female), with a mean age of 34.7 years (SD = 11.8). The EGI was applied to this sample together with the Satisfaction with Live Scale (SLS), the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (PANAS) and the Short Big Five Personality Factor scale (SB5PF) and a questionnaire of sociodemographic variables. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, the EGI was reduced from 26 to 15 items. The reduced EGI scale showed a reliability coefficient (Guttman´s lambda 2) of .87. Evidence of the validity of the reduced EGI scale was obtained through significant and positive correlations (0.21 > r < 0.35) with various indicators of well-being. The correlation with the Positive Affects indicator of the PANAS scale was the highest. Additional evidence of validity of the reduced EGI scale was obtained on basis of positive and significant correlations (0.17 > r < 0.49) with the five factors of the SB5PF (extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to new experiences). As expected, the correlation between the adapted EGI scale and the agreeableness factor of the SB5PF was the highest. Predicting subjective well-being using multiple linear regression, interpersonal generosity entered as a significant predictor even after the entry of income, religion and four of the big five personality factors. The additional value of the adapted EGI scale in predicting well-being is and indication of the validity of the adapted instrument. Overall, the research results provide satisfactory initial evidence of the validity and reliability of the adapted EGI scale.

This dissertation aims to: construct and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on teaching African and Afro-Brazilian culture in increasing social identity and self-esteem in Black children, as well as raising awareness of racism in both Black and White children. The intervention will be based on the Curriculo em Movimento (Moving Curriculum) of the Federal District, which includes content related to Black history and culture. Anti-racist interventions are extremely important for the Brazilian educational process, but unfortunately, it is still a topic that is little studied and developed in Brazil. Thinking about interventions that can be replicated in schools is a big step towards a better quality of life for Black students and towards combating racism in Brazil. The specific objectives include: I) constructing a multicultural intervention based on teaching African and Afro-Brazilian culture; II) evaluating the effect of the intervention based on teaching African and Afro-Brazilian culture on racial identification and self-esteem in Black children; III) evaluating the effect of the intervention based on teaching African and Afro-Brazilian culture on the perception of racial prejudice in both White and Black children. The study included 53 students enrolled in two fifth-grade classes in a school in the Federal District. The students reported ages ranging from 10 to 12 years old (M = 10.6; SD = 0.6), with the majority being female (50.9%), and 55.6% self-identified as mixed-race/Black and 44.4% as White. Participants were allocated to two conditions in an experimental design between subjects with pre- and post-test measures, with one class (randomly selected) receiving the intervention (experimental group) and the second class serving as the control group. Participants completed three scales measuring perception of racism in school, degree of racial identity, and self-esteem, both before and after the intervention. Additionally, after the intervention, the students were interviewed about the intervention. The quantitative results indicated no significant differences between the group that received the intervention and the control group, even when considering the participants' skin color. These results, although not significant, should be interpreted with caution given the small number of participants in the study, which reduced the power to find a significant result. The qualitative results showed that access to positive content about African and Afro-Brazilian culture increased the participants' awareness of their racial attitudes, leading to greater reflection on such behaviors in school interactions, and increased positive identification of Black children with their ethnicity.

This dissertation is composed of three sequential, complementary, and interdependent studies. Study 1 presents a narrative review of the literature about training offered to health professionals in technical skills for caring for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Thirty-six articles were selected that allowed characterizing the topics addressed and skills taught, the instructional designs of the courses (main strategies, methods, resources, and instructional technologies), and evidence of the effectiveness of these training. Study 2, with a qualitative approach, evaluated the quality of the design of training in technical care skills for critically ill patients with COVID-19, offered to professionals from Brazilian university hospitals. The evaluated training was offered in the self-instructional modality, lasting 10 hours, designed to train health professionals in the care of critical patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, by COVID-19. The course was the main strategy adopted by the management of Brazilian federal university hospitals to train a large number of professionals who did not work in Intensive Care Units in the technical skills necessary to face the pandemic. The qualitative evaluation of this training was based on the findings of Study 1, which allowed listing training evaluation criteria, and building and applying an evaluation script adapted to the researched context. The third study, with a mixed, qualitative and quantitative, sequential, exploratory, and inferential approach, aimed to build and investigate evidence of the validity of three scales for assessing the impact of training at work, elaborated from the instructional objectives of the analyzed course. The first two measure the transfer of Orotracheal Intubation and Care to Critical Patients with COVID-19 skills, and the third assesses the support for transferring training to work. The three scales, subjected to exploratory and semi-confirmatory factorial analyses, which demonstrated unifactorial empirical structures and adequate reliability and reliability indices in all instruments. The results of the three studies, discussed in the light of the scientific literature, will be interpreted in their practical implications for expanding the offer and improving the permanent education of professionals in technical skills of assistance to patients affected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, for health professionals who do not work or are not specialists, in intensive care units. The qualitative assessment script and the three instruments constructed in these studies can be used to assess training demands and facilitate the design, delivery, and evaluation of training with greater potential for success, as they encourage the adoption of valid and reliable instruments. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the lack of trained health professionals to provide intensive care for respiratory diseases, especially during health crises. To analyze the relevance of the research, the possibility of other respiratory health crises due to viral causes must be considered. of new similar occurrences in the future and the need for constant training offers for a large number of health professionals. One should think about the need for a permanent health education policy that acts actively in professional preparation to face health crises caused by viral respiratory diseases.

Respect for human rights and social peace partially depend on efficient dispute resolution, which may not occur when there is an increasing volume of lawsuits. To face it, there are self-compositional options – supported by trained mediators or judicial conciliators. It was hypothesized that the professional development (PD) of these people is positively associated with formal and informal learning singularities. Graduates of training courses in mediation and judicial conciliation participated in the survey, who answered questions about demographic variables and three measurement scales referring to the impact of these courses and how their graduates use strategies to learn while acting and their perception of PD. Validity evidence was verified for these scales. Impact and PD are unifactorial and learning strategies have two factors, related to the search for outer help (social, with peers) and inner help (cognitive and solitary). Multiple Regression Analyzes were not significant for the criterion variable Evolutionary Perception of Professional Development; but so were the “Current Preparedness” Perception scores on the same scale. This perception is predicted by schooling, gender, time after the course and its impact, and seeking inner help learning strategies. Theoretical and methodological contributions were offered, as well as subsidies for decisions on the development of skills aimed at improving the quality of services provided. These decisions must consider that the learning that supports this quality is not based solely on the initial mandatory course. It occurs and must be promoted during the subsequent performance of its graduates.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how trust in twitter profiles, especially linked to political issues, can influence the belief in fake news. For this, the study had 435 participants over 18 years old separated into 3 groups (group I - control; group II - profiles aligned to the right-wing politics and group III - profiles aligned to the left-wing politics) who were submitted to 4 different twitter profiles for each group and which contained two true and two false information, with the same content in all groups. To carry out this research, analyzes were conducted using ANOVA 3x3 to measure levels of confidence in the source, as well as binary logistic regression in order to compare the ANOVA results with the discernment data between true and false information, even as selfsteem and need for closure scales. When comparing the groups, a significant difference was noticed between people more aligned to the right and to the left, especially in the criteria of confidence in the source. News discernment was also affected by trust in the source, proving to be an important variable to understand what leads people to be misled by fake news.

Inclusive sex education, which discusses issues of sexual diversity, is an effective way to combat sexual prejudice. However, this type of measure is rejected by some of the Brazilian population and political movements. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on the support for inclusive sex education, and the possible role of perceived threattowards homosexuals in these effects. Considering that there was not yet a perceived threat towards homosexuals scale validated in Brazil, the first article presents a study that investigated the validity of a measure of this construct and that found evidence of convergent, discriminant, criterion, and internal structure based validity, in addition to good reliability indices. In the second article, two studies tested the relationship between the investigated variables. In Study 1, right-wing authoritarianism predicted support for inclusive sex education,mediated by perceived symbolic and realistic threat, while only realistic threat mediated the effect of social dominance on this support. In Study 2, the perception of greater social inclusion of LGBTQIA+ people in Brazilian society was manipulated. People with greater right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation felt more threatened regardless of whether inclusion was being reinforced or not, and this threat, in turn, predicted lower support for inclusive sex education.Thus, the work presents a scale that can be used in future studies investigating the role of perceived threat in sexual prejudice in Brazil, and points out how interventions seeking to promote inclusion measures for sexual minorities need to take into account the role of threat and individuals’ ideological attitudes.

This study aimed to test an explanatory model for engagement in collective action in defense of public policies aimed at social welfare, specifically the Health System, Affirmative Actions, and Cash Transfer. To accomplish this objective, two studies were conducted to adapt the Neoliberal Beliefs Inventory (NBI) for Brazil. Studies 1 and 2 provided evidence regarding the accuracy of the NBI, through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, respectively, evidence of the NBI's convergent validity with right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and belief in a just world, the NBI's predictive validity of attitudes toward guns and criterion validity between political groups. In Study 3, the model tested showed acceptable fit indices and that the measures used of epistemic, existential, and relational motivations, although partially, predict right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, which in turn predicted a more conservative symbolic political self-placement, which tends to explain higher levels of neoliberal beliefs. Neoliberal beliefs only partially mediated the relationship between symbolic ideological self-placement and collective action for cash transfer programs, and symbolic ideological selfplacement explains collective action for affirmative actions, regardless of neoliberal beliefs. The findings highlight the strong presence of political polarization, political ideology, and the curious influence of neoliberal beliefs on these policies, which could compromise the consolidation and strengthening of the social protection system.

The world of work has undergone profound changes in the last 50 years that have altered the way people relate in the workplace. Workplace violence has taken on new dimensions, one of which is the workplace bullying (WB). The aim of this dissertation and the accompanying research was to investigate the genesis, production, and maintenance of workplace bullying in the context of interpersonal relationships within a public institution of the Judiciary in Brazil. The theoretical framework is based on the structuralist approach of Pierre Bourdieu and the Ergonomics of Activity, both interested in the worker's role in social and organizational processes, respectively. Thirty-eight workers participated in the study, including 14 outsourced workers, 11 employees, 6 magistrates, and 7 interns. Focus groups were conducted with workers divided by their employment relationship with the institution. Data analysis was performed using the IRaMuTeQ software, identifying the thematic nuclei structuring the discourse. Results indicate that the genesis of WB lies in the presence of symbolic hierarchy that marks socioprofessional relationships in the studied context, contributing to abusive power behaviors, differentiation among workers, inadequate management, and internal disputes. Through suggestions raised in the focus group, a set of actions for preventing WB, in the short, medium, and long terms already was formulated. The findings are highly significant as the genesis of WB in the institution stems from symbolic mechanisms that generate workplace discomfort and highlight vulnerability to symbolic violence, providing valuable insights for the organization that underscore the applied nature of the research and its contribution to WB prevention.

The present study aims to analyze the relationship between elements of neoliberal culture and the discourse surrounding telework. This will be achieved through an examination of articles published on various national news portals between 2020 and 2023. As part of this endeavor, the study will identify neoliberal discursive elements within these reports and analyze how values inherent to neoliberalism, as a political-economic doctrine, are normalized through the selected texts. Three national news portals were chosen for this study: G1, the magazines Você S.A, and Você R.H. Accordingly, 35 articles were selected from G1, 19 from Você S.A, and 8 from Você R.H, totaling 62 articles for valid research purposes. Text analysis was conducted using IRAMUTEQ, a software program enabling various types of textual data analysis, from basic lexicography (word frequency calculation) to multivariate analyses (descending hierarchical classification, similarity analyses). The results of this analysis, considering the period marked by the Covid-19 pandemic in our country, revealed a biased discourse within the texts concerning telework. The lexical analysis, which calculated word occurrences in text segments, aimed to distinguish classes of words representing different forms of discourse about telework. Additionally, content analysis contributed by highlighting the diversity of themes across all texts and assessing the frequency of these themes within the corpus. Consequently, the study demonstrated a clear process of normalizing values and principles of neoliberalism within the analyzed texts. However, while this study enriched the discussion on the proposed topic, it emphasizes the necessity for further research, especially considering that telework is a recent and innovative aspect within the labor context.

The thesis aimed at evaluating the effects training socio-affective skills (SAS) on the learning of residents (medical and non-medical) in the context of multiprofessional healthcare. Six sequential and interdependent manuscripts were conducted to achieve the proposed objective. Through a literature review, the first manuscript presents an overview of interprofessional health education and SAS learning. Through another literature review, the second manuscript presents the changes in the structure and collaborative work of healthcare teams during the covid-19 pandemic, and the actions on SAS training adopted specifically in residency programs. The third manuscript identifies SAS learning gaps in a sample of medical and non-medical residents, through the analysis of critical incidents reported by preceptors and residents. The fourthmanuscript shows the construction and validation of evidence of situational judgment tests (SJTs) used to assess learning.The fifthmanuscript describes the planning and deployment of two SAS trainings in residents’ collaborative multiprofessional work, based on theories of instructional design and findings from empirical studies as well as instructional materials. Finally, the sixth manuscript uses a mixed approach with a qualitative stage describing the training design, instructional materials, and SJTs to assess learning, and a quantitative stage, presenting a quasi-experiment and comparing learning scores between two experimental groups and at three timepoints (T1 - before training, T2 - immediately after, and T3 - one month after training). The 17 medical and non-medical residents enrolled in the training intervention were assigned to one of the experimental groups, depending on availability. The resident in experimental group 1 attended an online SAS training, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes. The training was based on discussion of real cases experienced by a multiprofessional team. The resident in experimental group 2, in turn, attended a training on the same topic and workload, but with a method based on the transmission of theoretical information, followed by discussion of real cases. The results of the three TJS suggested an increase in the learning scores of residents from both experimental groups after training (T2), and a decrease in these scores 1 month after the intervention (T3). The results also pointed to higher post-test (T2) scores of residents who participated in the training combining two instructional strategies: information transmission and case discussion. Although the final sample of participants in the experimental groups was small, the learning outcomes may provide valuable information to instructional designers and health residency program managers for future health education actions. The SJTs constructed and applied in this research may be used both to assess learning and to compose instructional material for SAS trainings with similar objectives. The research is expected to be an opportunity to advance interprofessional health education, motivating further efforts by residents and health professionals toward collaborative practices, supported by scientific knowledge on SAS, instructional psychology, and interprofessional health education. 

Personality inventories and scales are used for assessment in several social contexts, among others, in compulsory evaluations. However, the observation of studies on the schooling levels of the Brazilian population shows that, even if they are literate, a considerable portion of the population has difficulties in understanding the reading of texts. Verbal items require the ability to read and understand what is being read. This condition is contrasted with the illiteracy rates (6.6%) and functional illiteracy (29%) in the Brazilian population. As a proposal of the present thesis, a verbal and non-verbal instrument was built based on the five big factors, more specifically, using the neuroticism dimension that is part of this model. The instrument was submitted to a sample of 599 participants with ages ranging from 18 to 82 years (M = 33.5, SD = 15.19). We found evidence of validity of the instrument, which allowed for equivalent measurement of neuroticism scores in individuals with different educational backgrounds. This may contribute to the evaluation of the personality of a portion of the Brazilian population, potentially not served by currently available instruments.

Following the portuguese invasion, two tivilizing projects were added to the native civilizations in the brazilian territory. The western project, which has become hegemonic, and the project of african peoples, While westemers spread their mental health care through universities, africans and their descendants preserved them in traditional communities. Due to the social asymmetry generated by radsm, a derivative of colonialism, traditions of african matrices in Brazil are relegated to the margins and always inferiorized. This thesis ofifers academic visibility to the therapeutic System of angola* s candomblé. Knowledge was generated from fíeld research in partnership with the community of Tumba nzo A'na Nzambi Junsara, using participant observation with attention to corporeity, and conversational dynamics aimed at collaborative construction. Systems of intelligibility were created based on the relationship between individual and culture, thus proposing a hybridism between the Theory of Subjectivity, Sensory Anthropology and Ethnopsychiatry The research found that the concept of health and community care expand beyond the individual dimension, generating results that present: The candomblé house as a traditional bantu territory; That initiation is a therapeutic device, and aims at africanization; Trance as a corporal technique that promotes health; That the jamberessu is a living book, an incamated transmission line of the bantu tradition; The understanding of tradition from its therapeutic devices; The perception that in brazilian society, which is hybrid and multicultural, mental health care from candomblé and psychology are complementary, and are enhanced when psychotherapy includes the reference of belonging.

This study aimed to adapt an EI test for a Brazilian sample and for a computerized adaptive administration method. The Situational Tests of Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Understanding (STEU) and Emotional Management (STEM) were adapted. The first manuscript establishes the adopted theoretical perspective that would serve as the basis for the adaptation procedures that are described during the translation and retranslation in the second manuscript, which also analyzes the evidence of validity of the adapted tests extracted from the data of 668 participants. In this manuscript, participants also answered the Life Satisfaction Test (SWLS) and the Short Test of Personality Factors (TRFP). The results reveal that the final versions of the adapted tests with 32 (STEU) and 30 items (STEM) obtained good global and item fit indices in the latent variable 3PL and partial credits models. The correlation coefficients with the SWLS and the five TRFP factors support evidence of validity based on relationships with other variables. In the third manuscript, CAT simulations on the same response data from the participants of the second manuscript, demonstrated the ability of item selection algorithms (ISA) based on maximizing the information obtained from obtaining equivalent levels of standard error with the administration of a considerably smaller number of items. Establishing an acceptable standard error difference of 0.01, the ISAs reached an acceptable mean SE up to 15 items before the end of the test in STEU, and up to six items earlier in STEM for the average participant. Even keeping the exact same standard error, 40.12% of the participants would get that benefit. These results suggest the psychometric adequacy of the tests and demonstrate the feasibility of administering them as adaptive tests in Brazilian samples.

The present research has the general objective of measuring the structural model that has human values as predictors of compassion and self-image goals and these of subjective well-being (BES) of military state police officers in the Federal District, this relationship being moderated by perceived social support at work; identify institutional elements that can generate well-being; and propose organizational and academic perspectives to increase this psychological phenomenon in the institution. The research is carried out using a quantitative and qualitative method, with the establishment of a robust theoretical framework of the variables that make up the model and its applicability to public security activities, the testing of fourteen hypotheses related to the constructs and the qualitative identification of potential factors that generate police welfare. The qualitative phase consisted of the construction of the theoretical framework and the identification of elements that generate SWB within the Military State Police of Federal District PMDF and the quantitative phase through a survey research that had the participation of 1080 military police officers from the DF. The research results indicated partial confirmation of the structural model and among the established hypotheses, six were fully supported, seven partially corroborated and only one was completely rejected. The results can confirm conclusions that are not only academic, such as the confirmation of these constructs as antecedents of subjective well-being, especially in the field of public safety, evidence of validity of existing psychometric scales and the possibility of building a specific scale for well-being. be in public security, but also institutional, with the availability of a list of organizational elements that can be worked on to increase SWB rates in the PMDF. At the end, the limitations of the research and future perspectives are presented

Social norms are shared patterns about (un)acceptable behaviors. They may present variance in their intensity, characterizing contexts as tighter (strong norms) or looser (weak norms). According to the model proposed by Gelfand et al. (2011), tightness-looseness is a cultural factor and, as such, influences the development of contextual factors, as well as psychological and behavioral processes. The general goal of this dissertation was to investigate the strength of social norms in the Brazilian context, and its relationship with prosocial norms, trust, and decision-making. To this end, four independent empirical studies were developed using a multi-method approach. Study 1 (n = 348) aimed to quantify tightness levels in Brazil and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Tightness-Looseness Scale (TL). The results endorse the country’s characterization as having flexible social norms (loose), with intra-country variations and higher levels of tightness than previous studies. Psychometric limitations of the original scale were also found, with partial evidence for validity and reliability. In Study 2 (n = 425) the process of responding to the items was investigated. Content analysis revealed the existence of nine different domains when one evaluates the scale and comprehension problems in half ot the items. Recommendations were made for overcoming measurement limitations in the literature, also making Study 3 viable. This study (n = 380) used the TL cultural model to investigate the relationship between perception of tightness and interpersonal trust, by testing how trust in institutions and strength of prosocial norms explain that relationship. Structural equation modeling indicated the plausibility of the model in the Brazilian context, in accordance with the interrelated macro-micro features of T-L. Because tightness levels are related to how much norms influence decision-making, Study 4 (n = 380) tested its capacity to predict prosocial behaviors. Specifically, it was tested whether this effect depends on action costs, by comparing kindness (low- cost) and cooperation (high cost) in experimental game scenarios (Social Mindfulness Task and Prisoner's Dilemma). Results showed that the norms for cooperation are stronger than the norms for kindness. The perception of social norms and the strength of norms had greater potential to predict cooperative behavior. Taken together, the studies allow to conclude that the strength of social norms is elemental for understanding (and promoting) trust and prosociality. Furthermore, they improve the measuring of the strength of social norms when taking into specific contexts into account. Finally, different ways of operationalizing the concept and applications, as well as limitations, are discussed.

The general objective of this research project was to adapt the Brief DSM-5 AUD Assessment (DSM-5 AUD) for Brazil and obtain initial validity and reliability evidence for a sample of the Brazilian population. The research project involved two studies. The first dealt with the execution of the stages of translation, synthesis, evaluation by experts, evaluation by the target audience, back translation and pilot study, and presentation of preliminary data on the internal consistency of the instrument. The results showed that the scale presented positive indicators of the content validity, as well as a satisfactory reliability coefficient of the scores (λ2= 0.85). The second study aimed to obtain evidence of validity of the adapted version (DSM-5 AUD-BR) based on the internal structure and relationships with external measures such as the Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD) and the Reduced Scale of Big Five Personality Factors (ER5FP). A total of 192 people participated in this study, including public servants of the Federal District Government and users treated in services specialized in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Semiconfirmatory factor analysis indicated a one-dimensional structure for the DSM-5 AUD-BR, with adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.997 and TLI = 0.997) and internal consistency (λ2 = 0.95). There was a strong convergent validity index between the DSM-5 AUD-BR and the SADD (r = .87). Regarding the ER5FP, the factors of extroversion and agreeableness shown to be statistically significant predictors explaining the emergence of behaviors related to alcohol consumption. These results indicated that the DSM-5 AUD-BR presented evidence of validity and reliability for the Brazilian context.  

The current study aims to understand the reality concerning Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) in Brazilian organizational contexts. Accordingly, three studies have been performed:

1) A systematic review of scientific literature has been carried out through two bibliographic databases: one primary (Scielo, Pepsic, and Spell) and another secondary (database of national scientific literature in Organizational Behavior). The abstracts of 81 articles were analyzed through lexicometric procedures by using the informatic package IRAMUTEQ. Findings made emerge the adoption of mostly qualitative methods (49.38%), along with a prevalence of studies on Gender, People with Disabilities, LGBTQIA+, Age, and Work Positions. A lack of definitions concerning either the construct of D&I or consistent methodological procedures by considering the intersectionality between sociocultural determinants and contextual variables, have been pointed out.

2.) The second study, using a quali-quantitative approach, was split into two parts. The first one investigated on how regional healthcare policies, addressed to transgender people and crossdressers, are consolidated and implemented. Accordingly, a sample of healthcare workers of public hospitals in Brazil’s Federal District, have been taken into account. The second one foresaw the participation of transgender and crossdressers, in order to understand their experience as seekers of healthcare facilities of the Federal District. The interviews were processed through the lexicometric procedures of the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed a burden of clinical attendance in healthcare centers and a lack of professional training, despite inefficient strategies to handle the specific needs of transgender seekers. Otherwise, the transgender and crossdresser participants highlighted precarious services due to a lack of trained professionals enable to cope with their demands, often resulting in transphobic behaviors and attitudes.

3.) The third study, adopting mostly quantitative methods, shed light on the link among the scores of the scales of Universal Diverse Orientation (UDO), Experience of Inclusion and Inclusive Behavior and the sociodemographic variables of 100 healthcare workers from public hospitals of the Federal District. The statistical software SPSS - 21.0 was used for descriptive and inferential analyses. Regarding gender, statistically significant differences were found within the means of all three dimensions of the UDO Scale, due to the independent gender variable, claimed by the participants. Specifically, trans women showed lower mean scores (M = 2.400; SD = 0.688), whether compared to all other gender categories, concerning the “Comfort with Difference” factor. The “Inclusion Experience” factor, instead, had a huge impact on levels of “Inclusive Behavior”, as evidenced by 71.1% of the outcomes (𝛽 = 0.845, t = 15.623, p < 0.001). Finally, an analysis of brief comments included within the questionnaire brought forth a dichotomous perception of the work environment. While 67,21% of all participants, who filled out the questionnaire, denounced prejudicial and discriminatory situations, 32,78%, declared to have never experienced such constraints.

The complementarity due to the overall results that emerged from these three studies has been discussed, contributing to a better understanding of D&I either in the regional reality of the Federal District or across the Brazilian context in general. Furthermore, relevant perspectives for future research within the field of D&I have been identified, to promote strategies and improvements for the public as well as organizational policies.

The coronavirus pandemic confined society into isolation and distancing measures, promoting high levels of stress within the general population worldwide. This currentstudy consisted of two cross-sectional surveys that sought to measure the existence of stress, intended to identify the main coping strategies of the Brazilian population, within a year. Through Surveymonkey, the Lipp's Adult Stress Symptom Inventory and the Carver's Brief Cope were applied. In the first survey, data were collected from April to June 2020, with 704 valid respondents, according to the following criteria: being over 18 years old and residing in Brazil during the period of combating the pandemic. In the second survey – between March and June 2021 – 324 valid respondents have been considered, following the same sampling criteria. Contingency table analyses, adjusted standardized residual analyses, and odds ratio analyzes were used to compare the incidence of stress with different sociodemographic variables. Women, belonging to the Z generation, with an intermedium level of education, single and unemployed, showed higher levels of stress in the first survey. Meanwhile in the second survey, the incidence of stress was twice as likely to be measured among the participants whether compared to thoseof the first survey. However, it was not possible to determine the sociodemographic profile mainly responsible for stress in the second survey, as its growth was not correlated with any sociodemographic variables. Coping strategies resulted as constant in both studies, along with planning and active coping being the most common strategies, while denial, behavioral disinvestment and the use of substances such as alcohol or drugs were more uncommon. Effective public policies, attending the most exposed sociodemographic categories, mainly contributed in order to successfully cope with stress faced by the general population. Due to the ongoing health crisis, an involvement of all categories would increase the efficiency of the aforementioned policies. A widespread dissemination of reliable information and promotion of affordability are also essential for maintaining mental health within the general population. 

The adoption of technologies by public organizations (or digitization) has been growing rapidly,which implies gains, but also many challenges related to the implementation process. Manuscript 1 of thisdissertation reports a systematic review that evaluated articles about new technologies adoption publishedbetween 2017 and 2022. It collected variables measured in the studies, results achieved, limitations andopportunities in the research field. It was identified that there are still a lot of opportunities forexplorations in this research field, like applications in new samples or contexts and propositions of newvariables. Manuscript 2 reports an empirical study that identified factors related to the intention andtechnology adoption in public organizations from Brazil. Performance expectancy and leadership influencewere predictors of behavioral intention. The relationship between performance expectation and usageintention was moderated by the gender of users. Age and experience moderated the relationship betweenleadership influence and behavioral intention. The influence of leadership, the influence of co-workers andthe perception of adoption of change management practices also were predictors of use. The relationshipbetween leadership influence and use was moderated by experience. Limitations and researchopportunities are addressed at the end of each manuscript and in the general discussion section.

Leadership, at any level in the organization, is valuable, capable of transporting the information received from theteam to the different ones of management, and with leadership for change that is not different, and it is in thiscontext that this study, with two manuscripts, inserts. The first manuscript aims to portray the state of the art bypresenting a systematic review of the literature on leadership behavior for change, conducted in the Capes andWeb of Science Journal Bases, with the keywords and Boolean operators: “Change leader”AND “leadershipbehavior” and “organizational change”. The second manuscript aims to adapt and verify the evidence of validity ofthe internal structure of an inventory that aims to assess dimensions of leader behaviors aimed at change for theBrazilian context, by contemplating exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory, in independent samples, inaddition to the analysis of convergent validity. The results found or the argument of the need to reinforce thedevelopment of a more consistent theory and define more precisely about the role of leadership in the context ofchange, the results as structural changes, are like dynamic changes of an organizational universe connected inmultilevel and Integrated to the national reality and with a consolidated theoretical version.

This dissertation analyzes the implications of psychosocial risks for the interrelation of causes of absence from work due to illness or accidents. The specific objectives of this dissertation are to characterize work-related psychosocial risks, to analyze causes of absences, to identify psychosocial risks that are at the base of the interrelationships with illness and work accidents, and, to present the approach to psychosocial risks that includes the factors of work organization, management style, and organizational functioning, pathogenic suffering and harm, establishing relationships with departures. We identified the variability of existing concepts regarding psychosocial risks and their implications for the mental and physical illness of the worker, a fact that contributes to conceptual confusion and invisibility of these risks. The literature on the topic indicated risks of a tangible nature - physical, chemical, and ergonomic - as causes of work accidents while psychosocial risks related to the emergence of Behavioral and Mental Disorders. Little research links psychosocial factors to absences due to physical illnesses. In general, these risks are related to psychopathologies. This conceptual linear attribution of cause and effect implies separation in the relationship between risks and their consequences. However, the organization of work is also the genesis of work accidents and illness, even physical diseases. Thus, this thesis defends the idea that physical conditions are part of the work organization itself, characterizing, thus, a psychosocial risk that can generate both accidents and illness of any type, whether physical or mental, since the everyday basis of these diseases is one: work. The method was configured in an empirical study of qualitative nature, consisting of bibliographic research, deductive content analysis, and Work History Memorials. The sample was non-probabilistic, composed of seven workers affected by diseases proven to be originated in public or private sectors workplaces. The results point out to psychosocial risks act simultaneously with other occupational hazards - such as biological, physical, chemical, and ergonomics - in a complex and chaotic manner, unlike in the linear conceptualization in the literature. We should also consider the influence of external factors such as cultural-historical, socio-economical, and political contexts in organizations on the emergence, maintenance, or mitigation of these risks since these factors directly influence legal frameworks of labor regulations. We also reflected on the contribution of Organizational Psychology to maintaining the invisibility and coloniality of psychosocial risks in organizations, making prevention difficult, since these risks are created by contemporary management models within capitalism.

Violent (extra)lethal intentional behaviors (VELIB) are actions purposely calculated to cause additional effects to the inherent cruelty of any death. Though relatively less frequent, they have the potential to symbolically affect victims' relatives, friends, and society as a whole, especially when intentionally recorded homicides (IRH). Diagnostic models in psychopathology, as well as personality measures such as the dark triad, are clearly relevant, but insufficient to explain the phenomenon, which is increasingly evident in Brazilian criminality. In this dissertation, by means of a mixed, qualitative and quantitative approach, four empirical studies were developed to investigate predictors of VELIB, its socialpsychological dynamics, and its effects. Study 1 sought to identify Bandura's mechanisms of moral disengagement in the statements of the perpetrator of a femicide, based on case files. Results revealed a greater use of moral arguments and blaming the victim herself as strategies of justification and reduction of consequences in the trial. In Study 2, the adaptation (n = 478) of the Reduced Sadistic Impulses Scale (RSIS) was developed as a measure of pleasure with the suffering of others. Exploratory structural equation models revealed the same unidimensionality as the original scale, along with higher sadism scores among women. Study 3 focused on the analysis of a triple homicide, as the first systematic test of a method developed here. Content analysis of the footage revealed criminal propaganda goals, de-individuation, and maintenance of social norms. Finally, Study 4 was based on amateur videos, court proceedings, and journalistic reports to create a protocol for processing VELIB data in IRH cases. Taken together, the studies in this dissertation reveal a preponderant role of what can be named synergy of evil, resulting fundamentally from group phenomena that justify and perpetuate this type of crime. In addition to conceptual and methodological innovations, the dissertation discusses a proposal for identifying VELIB and reducing IRH, with academic and legal applications (animus necandi) for the Brazilian context. 

More than the criminal occurrences themselves, fear of crime exerts a strong direct influence on the (in)actions of individuals. As a public security problem, therefore, requires tools that can not only discriminate it, but also produce solutions for its mitigation. The crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) model stands out as a set of fundamental strategies, but its dimensions are often treated in a dispersed, inconsistent way and with no adequate instrumentation. Five studies were developed in this dissertation in a multi-methodological approach, focused on theory, methodology, psychometrics, analysis, and application of the model to urban and rural public spaces. Study 1 promoted the extension and testing of the CPTED Inventory for Public Spaces (ICEP), as well as the Situational Fear of Crime Scale for Public Spaces (EMSCEP) (Senna, 2017). Security forces agents were trained in the CPTED rationale for the application of instruments to interview 102 participants that evaluated two mixed-use squares (commercial and residential). Comparisons between objective techniques and criminal events revealed consistency in the evaluations and provided evidence of the validity of the measures, even in different application modalities. In Study 2, traditional and innovative people-environment research methods that can contribute to CPTED were reviewed, with an emphasis on walk-along interviews, behavioral mapping, and georeferencing. In Study 3, a CPTED course was developed for the national scenario, as a solution for micro and macro levels in public policies. Study 4 describes the implementation of a rural security program developed based on the dimensions of CPTED. Finally, Study 5 tested the effect of CPTED dimensions on fear of crime in 55 different public environments in the Federal District in 2020 (n = 1,630) and 2021 (n = 1,590). In addition to reinforcing the one-dimensional structure of EMSCEP and its use in other studies, results distinguished from the international literature for dealing with fear of crime in its situational dimension. The dissertation produced elements that improve the conceptual organization of the predicted dimensions. The ICEP test in Brazil should generate inputs to guarantee invariance of the measure, providing feedback to CPTED theory. The relevance seems even more immediate when considering the crime rates in Brazil (and in other countries). Moreover, the research showed how to generate simple, low-cost interventions that can break the disorder-fear-crime cycle, rather than focusing on structural changes or legal actions that are difficult to measure and manage.