The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology has been widely used for the development, coordination, and planning of construction projects. It establishes more consistent criteria for project production, allowing for a complete view of construction at all stages. This research presents concepts, guidelines, and relevant tools for implementing BIM in project processes, as well as the BIM Maturity Matrix. The matrix is an instrument that evaluates the level of adherence and implementation of BIM within an organization, allowing for the diagnosis of the degree and maturity index of BIM implementation. It is an effective tool for managing the BIM methodology and its application. To this end, a case study was developed applying the BIM Maturity Matrix method, which allows for the evaluation of the current state of BIM implementation in an organization, highlighting benefits, improvements, gaps, and recommendations based on the results obtained. Finally, the relevant points of this matrix will be listed to contribute to the improvement of processes and systems in BIM project production.

The research is exploratory and proposes the study of Brazilian territorial divisions for mobility planning, based on the investigation of the national scenario with a focus on the Metropolitan Regions (RMs) and Territorial Planning Units (UTPs). The theoretical, methodological and technical strategy is primarily configurational, through the linear representation of the Brazilian intermodal interurban travel network, encompassing road, waterway and airway modes. The contribution of these strategies to understanding the urban phenomenon, interpreted in terms of transport and displacement, is investigated. To this end, there are two research questions: 1) to what extent does understanding the process of elaboration of the various Brazilian territorial divisions contribute to transport planning on a global and local scale?; and 2) is the configurational analysis of the Brazilian intermodal travel network, according to the political frameworks of the RMs and the planning of the UTPs, capable of assisting in urban planning, with a focus on integrated mobility actions?

This work deals with the influence of fire and panic safety on the design of building architecture. The purpose of this research is to address the importance of architects' knowledge to design a building based both on morphological dimensions and on current technical standards for fire and panic safety in Brazil, especially in the Federal District. The body responsible for approving the fire and panic prevention installation project in the Federal District is the Federal District Military Fire Department and the morphological dimensions adopted in this research come from professors Gunter Kohlsdorf and Maria Elaine Kohlsdorf. Initially, the morphological dimensions and technical standards in force by the CBMDF are presented, followed by an evaluation of the morphological dimensions and preventive systems implemented in case studies. This research also presents insights through interviews with military firefighters who analyze and supervise building projects that seek regularization with the State for licensing purposes for construction or operation, as well as insights into the knowledge of Architects and Urban Planners on the subject. , mainly during the graduation that these professionals received in their training. Three example simulations are carried out that allow us to verify variations in the requirements of fire and panic safety measures for buildings that are very similar in terms of dimensions and activities, but with the observation of distinctions in results for each risk that a building poses. Finally, two practical examples of schools are presented in which the fire and panic prevention project was carried out after the architecture was executed, which resulted in losses and challenges, mainly financial, for the owners and/or renters of the buildings where these schools operate. These losses and challenges were verified through interviews that are also presented and discussed in this research. The previous choices of a project based on some characteristics determine its occupancy and risk classifications, implying variations in costs and interventions in the buildings so that they are regularized with the inspection bodies, that is, they are technically functional and safe. Ultimately, a study was carried out that can contribute to architects' decisions in projects related to fire safety, protection of life and property.

This dissertation research project has as its object the palatial interiors of the National Congress, whose constructive path begins in 1960, in the light of the modernism of the architect Oscar Niemeyer, traversing its transformative history during the 70s and glimpsing, finally, its perspectives of preservation as a heritage asset to be safeguarded. The National Congress, as a substance rich in academic research, has an interesting repertoire of academic research that has already been consolidated, but there are still gaps to be overcome in the study of its interiors. By interiors we mean the articulation of the Palace's internal spatiality, its materiality, its furniture and works of art which, at the end of the design process, form a single, inseparable whole. Among the palaces in Brasília, which have collections of great value for modern Brazilian historiography, the choice by the Congress is justified by being Niemeyer's most publicly accessible institutional work in Brasília, including his favorite, as he stated; for the complexity of the juxtaposition of two legislative houses (Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate) in a single building and for containing furniture and works of art specially created for the spatial composition by great masters, consubstantiating a unique synthesis of knowledge and, why not, experiments. The production of this knowledge in a methodologically structured way, enriched by access to primary documentary sources from the archives of the Congress itself, as well as from other notorious collections, aims to trace its constructive history through the articulation of the trinomial: architecture, art and furniture, aiming to qualify the protection of these assets interiors in order to guarantee their safeguard. Examining the interiors of the National Congress, over the course of the first two decades, is crucial to understanding the transformation from a solemn administrative interior in 1960 to the palatial interior that will emerge in the following decade. In the 1970s, after the internal re-inauguration, the desirable sophistication not achieved in the internal features was achieved until then. Niemeyer's two main unexecuted preliminary projects, the past interiors, appear as a necessary complementary object of study, in order to compare them with the solution that would materialize over the following years. Of interest in this opportunity were the great noble halls, the plenary sessions, and political-representative spaces focusing on specific clippings of great transformations, whose general result of the two inaugural decades lasts until the moment. Profiling the architectural space, its materiality, furniture and art in a line of research will encourage subsidies for the development of precautionary policies in order to ensure the preservation of these assets that were bequeathed to us.

This dissertation aims to study the Setor de Habitações Coletivas Econômicas Sul (SHCES), also known as Cruzeiro Novo. The analysis will address the thoughts that gave rise to this sector and its urban plan, examining the changes that occurred from the initial project to its transposition into reality. The study will explore the fundamentals, related to housing, which make the Brazilian capital unique in the world. Using this information, it will be possible to draw the conceptual line that guided the conception of the economic area. Furthermore, for a more in-depth understanding of the context of affordable housing in Brazil, a brief historical overview will be presented, focusing mainly on the 20th century movements that influenced residential production at the time, including Cruzeiro Novo. Furthermore, the historical, physical, social and preservation aspects of the region will be investigated. The analysis will address urban characteristics, including the road network, land subdivision, urban equipment, spatial configuration, and architectural diversity of residential blocks. In the end, it is expected to contribute to the debate on the urban attributes of this sector and enrich the collection of studies on housing in the capital.

We live in the context of climate change in which climatologists indicate that the increase in temperature will result in catastrophic consequences of extreme phenomena. In this context, the use of thermoenergetic simulations as auxiliary tools in the design process allow obtaining estimates of thermal comfort and energy consumption, which makes it possible to test improvement strategies even before construction, or in hypothetical and future scenarios. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on the thermal performance of residential buildings in future scenarios for the current climate, short-term future climate (2050) and long-term future climate (2090). Furthermore, different project variables were tested to understand which would be the most appropriate combinations for the climate scenarios evaluated in the climate context of the Federal District (DF). The aim is to compare temperatures in indoor environments considering the context of global warming and quantify the increase in the thermal load of residential buildings as a prediction and warning regarding the increase in energy consumption by air conditioning equipment. To this end, thermoenergetic modeling and simulation of a representative high-end residential building located in DF was developed using the thermal performance estimation methodology established by NBR 15575. For the simulations, the DesigBuider software (version 7.0.2.006) and future climate files (HadGEM2, regcm, RCP 8.5) were used considering the worst predictive scenario for Brasília. The simulations considered the natural ventilation condition and the artificial air conditioning condition. The results demonstrated that the percentage of hours within an operating temperature range considered acceptable (PHFT) will reduce significantly in the future. This indicator showed a drop of 51% for 2050 and 87% for 2090 in relation to the estimated value for the current climate. The predicted thermal load will be almost 5 times greater in 2050 and almost 8 times greater in 2090 when compared to the same indicator in the current climate for the study object in question. When testing different combinations of bioclimatic variables, it was identified that the most effective scenarios consider more efficient glass, smaller openings, use of shutters and external walls in ceramic blocks for ventilated models or more insulated walls for non-naturally ventilated models. The results of proposed models with the most appropriate design variables for each case generated a relevant increase in the PHFT in the current climate, reaching a value of 97.79% and indicating a high level of comfort without the use of air conditioning. In relation to future climate scenarios, it is considered that bioclimatic strategies were not sufficient to establish comfort even though they caused an increase in PHFT. In 2050 this criterion reached 49.94%, and in 2090 only 11.48%, which demonstrates the need to use active strategies to achieve comfort. In relation to thermal load, the proposed model proved to be very efficient and indicated reductions of 94% for the current climate, 56% for 2050 and 62% for 2090 in relation to the original models. Finally, the work brings a warning to civil construction to rethink the techniques and strategies currently implemented with a view to the well-being of residents in the long term.

Assuming architectural work as a form of meaning that will provide the individual with belonging, and architecture as a fundamental factor in the construction of the individual's identity and dignity, I seek to discuss throughout the work how the construction of the subject's meaning and its introduction took place by metaphysics, in the construction of thought, formed by the Eurocentric worldview and how this construction affects our understanding of space and time. I seek, through the works of Kant, Freud and Heidegger, to formulate a discussion on the issue of the subject and individuality as it is understood and designed, within the Western cultural vision and how these significant constructions interfere in the perception of time and space. Next, the subject's relationship with the world in which he is inserted is discussed, I seek to understand the relationships of how the subject's experience and experience of the world is seen, how experiences and the construction of the psyche correlate with the notions of freedom and human dignity. At the end of this work, I seek to discuss how the construction of the thought of the self occurs in relation to space, going through the works, mainly by Heidegger and Norberg-Schulz. I seek to argue how the construction of the self occurs together and in relation to the world in which it is inserted and how architecture plays a fundamental role in the construction of existential spaces of significance for the formation of the individual, as a being that belongs and is inseparable from the space in which it is located, which it inhabits, this being the built space, the raw material of architecture.

This research addresses water-sensitive communities in Brazil based on historical social mobilizations organized against unsustainable occupation of territories and advocating for full social participation in water territorial planning. Drawing on the Australian model of water-sensitive city planning, social engagement is understood as a guiding principle for the formation of a sociopolitical capital, with individuals connected to the territory and aware of their decisions regarding it and water (DEAN et al, 2016). In Brazil, the implementation of social participation has progressed with social claims in the 1988 Constitution (BRASIL, 1988), the Statute of Cities (BRASIL, 2001), and, in the case of water, the National Water Resources Policy (Law 9433/1997) with the establishment of Basin Committees. In this context, the research is guided by the question of whether social engagement can become a participatory governance instrument in territorial planning and water management, in addition to mobilizing against the decisions of responsible authorities. While there are studies focusing on criticism of participatory management, analyses relating existing social practices and their results, especially within Basin Committees, are still limited. Even scarcer are studies focusing on the analysis of the scope and challenges of social engagement to discuss and implement local potentials. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to understand social participation in planning and management, from the perspective of social engagement of water-sensitive communities based on activities developed by organized civil society. Thus, the social mobilization in defense of waters in Serrinha do Paranoá is envisioned as a manifestation of territorial praxis (SAQUET, 2017, 2020) as a water-sensitive community. Based on the "Effective Engagement" method (Dean et al, 2016), this structure derives from a systematization that defines engagement approaches to encourage the formation of water-sensitive communities in planning models with institutional integration. In this regard, this research was guided by the methodology of participatory action research based on the construction of dialogical knowledge between the researcher and social actors. Following the stages of the planned intervention cycle - identification, projection, implementation, and evaluation (DIONE, 2007) present in the methodological sequence systematized by Collete (2014), which organizes the research logically and chronologically. Thus, the research was structured based on an engagement matrix reflecting the four phases of the engagement history over more than 20 years of activity in the rural nuclei of Serrinha do Paranoá, which was named the "Engagement Guidance Matrix for Water-Sensitive Communities." This allowed the delineation of a sociopolitical network that evolved through the identified phases in moments of thematicization and planning of action. Finally, guidelines were captured that evolved, diversifying and bringing complexity to engagement actions as the sociopolitical network expanded and organized different participatory institutional arrangements, resulting in an informal planning of the territory of Serrinha do Paranoá.

Standardized public buildings replicated in different climatic contexts associated with high urban temperatures can cause thermal discomfort to occupants and increase energy consumption by air conditioning, especially in very hot climates. Currently, passive climate control strategies and specially supercool materials are highly effective solutions in these cases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a current model of a standardized Brazilian public school and identify optimal passive solutions to provide thermal comfort without active air conditioning systems through optimization simulations with EnergyPlus and JEA Algorithm. Different combinations of passive strategies and cool materials for each bioclimatic zone allow a maximum discomfort of 10% due to heat or cold according to the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model, with 80% acceptability during the occupancy period in all regions of Brazil. Among the opaque envelope materials, thermal mass flat roofs and insulated walls provide adequate heat balance for both cooling and heating dominated zones. The optimal combinations of passive strategies are: supercool material on roofs and walls, as well as window shading and 24/7 95% aperture natural ventilation for extreme cooling-dominated zones; cool roofs, medium reflectivity walls, and 5% aperture ventilation for coolingdominated zones and thermochromic roof and dark walls with 5% aperture ventilation for heating-dominated zones. Cities with greater discomfort, whether due to heat or cold, also require extra solution for the external floor (reflectivity of 90% and 30%, respectively).

Revaluing the urban heart of the city involves multiple actions that impact both the physical infrastructure and the democratic exercise of use and recognition of open public space (OPS) to achieve sustainability and resilience to current climatic phenomena. The objective of this research is to analyze the environmental performance of urban greenery as a mitigation strategy against the negative effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI) at a microclimatic scale in the central historic site of the city of Tarija (450m*350m), in the monumental heritage area. The study is based on scalar analysis according to the classification of perception fields: large structure, sector/site, place, and building, applying geoprocessing and computational simulation. The methodological process comprises three procedures: 1) Temporal analysis of ICU (2001-2021) with the Land Surface Temperature (LST) indicator, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by remote sensing, at large structure 2) Analysis of the axial map (1606-2020) with the Integration (Inthh) indicator by spatial syntax, at large structure and 3) Comparison of scenarios: base scenario (current) and deep green scenario (proposal), including tree planting in roads, courtyards and green corridors that articulate three downtown squares, through the indicator of Air Temperature (Air T), Surface Temperature (T Surface), Average Radiant Temperature (Trm) and Thermal Comfort Indicator (PET) with ENVI-met V5.5.1 simulation at site/building scale. The results corroborate the hypothesis, the performance of urban green increases if existing central green areas are articulated, preserving heritage elements and incorporating micro-urban design to integrate the areas. The implementation of this micro-climate strategy in neighborhoods/districts is recommended to promote a policy of adaptation to climate change and mitigation of urban warming.

The research constitutes a comparative analysis of Brazilian Metropolitan Arrangements under the configurational approach of the space-form of human settlements. Many studies capture the metropolitan phenomenon through analysis of satellite images combined with mathematical procedures that allow identifying how fragmented, dispersed and low-density these areas in Brazil are, in addition to presenting a relationship of dependence between the hub municipality and the other constituent municipalities, generally interpreted based on commuting movements, under the effect of the centrality of the metropolitan pole. There are also configurational studies on metropolises, but they are not comparative or do not cover a sample that goes beyond regional limits. Little is known about the topological and geometric characteristics of Brazilian metropolitan arrangements in relation to the travel possibilities that they provide or condition through their configuration: the relationship between objects in the built urban space. In this context, this research allows new perspectives on Metropolitan Arrangements, and seeks to contribute to the planning of these areas which, by attracting more and more residents (UNITED NATIONS, 2020), should provide an urbanization process whose benefits are maximized to the detriment of impacts which are associated with the way of accommodating the population in the territory, mainly related to accessibility to study, leisure and work opportunities. Therefore, as an objective, we intend to advance the understanding of metropolitan space and analyze in a comparative way the configurational characteristics of Brazilian metropolises related to the different potential degrees of accessibility (based on topological, metric and geometric distances) that they present and evaluate what the performance associated with these characteristics. It is based on the hypothesis that there are relational patterns intrinsic to the formation of the metropolitan arrangement in Brazil, whose characteristics can facilitate the identification of a metropolitan configurational typology. The sample is composed of Metropolitan Population Arrangements constituted according to the methodology adopted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2016) and selected based on criteria of centrality and influence in the national urban network of Cities by (IBGE, 2020). The main theoretical-methodological-tool approach to achieve this objective comes from the Theory of Social Logic of Space, or Spatial Syntax, whose systemic reading allows the understanding of the relationships between society and space, based on the elaboration of Axial and Segment Maps on images of current satellites whose processing generates variables capable of expressing, in geometric, metric and topological dimensions, how conducive or not the system is to social interactions and access to places and opportunities based on the ease of movement offered by the city's street system.

This thesis proposes the presentation and critical analysis of the projects of Brazilian Chanceries and Official Residences abroad, designed between 1962 and 1981 by architects Olavo Redig de Campos, Elvin Mackay Dubugras, and Ruy Ohtake. The research is justified due to the scarcity of information about the projects of Brazilian diplomatic representations and aims to contribute to the fields of architecture and diplomacy. The methods involved the collection of documentation from private and institutional archives, the redesign of project solutions, and the analysis of Embassies based on both objective and subjective criteria. Analytical parameters include the analysis of the relationship of diplomatic buildings with the city (index), understanding the elements that compose the facades (symbol), and the identification of elements that communicate the connection to Brazil (icon). The research hypothesis is that Brazilian Embassies may be products of cultural diplomacy and instruments for implementing Brazilian soft power in the contexts in which they were inserted. The literature review explores aspects of architecture as a product of representation and exportation from similar works in European and North American contexts. It also addresses crucial themes to understand the relationships between architecture and diplomacy in the Brazilian scenario, grounding itself in historical, political, and diplomatic aspects. In the final part of the work, the projects of the Embassies in Beirut, Washington D.C., Buenos Aires, Lagos, Riyadh, and Tokyo are presented and analyzed. The results highlight the orchestrated intention by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to invest in projects carried out by Brazilian architects from the 1960s onwards as part of strategic actions to ensure Brazil's presence in specific contexts. The conclusions emphasize the practical applicability of the research as a tool for knowledge and preservation of Brazilian Embassies abroad.

A paradigm shift towards a post-carbon society is increasingly needed, due to the major impacts of contemporary human activity on the natural environment, especially due to dependence on fossil fuels. The built environment plays a central role in mitigating these effects, as it is one of the main factors responsible for these impacts due to its continuous energy dependence, as well as in adapting to already sensitive climate change. In recent decades, the concept of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) has gained visibility, a construction standard that has a zero-energy balance in the interval of one year, through the reduction of energy demand, through energy efficiency and conservation measures, and energy generation with the use of renewable sources. However, most of the research related to the theme focuses on isolated buildings and with an approach exclusively based on energy efficiency, in addition to being mostly focused on climatic contexts in developed countries, with temperate or cold climates. With this in mind, the present thesis emphasizes the analysis of the ZEB pattern at the urban scale, through morphological study and with the use of a holistic approach of environmental performance indicators, rather than only energy efficiency. Thus, the main objective of the doctoral research is to analyze the potential for obtaining Zero-Energy Buildings at the urban scale of different typologies of urban blocks for the climatic context of Brasília, through multiobjective optimization with holistic criteria. As specific objectives, it is aimed at consolidating the definition of ZEB at the urban scale; developing a computational procedure for the holistic evaluation of court typologies; and discussing potential urban planning indicators and strategies based on environmental performance with a focus on achieving Zero-Energy Building at the urban scale and in a computational approach. Initially, the theoretical foundation seeks to consolidate the initiatives in the conceptual field of ZEB at the urban scale through bibliometric review and analysis. For this, the Scopus database and the Bibloshiny tool, based on Bibliometrix, developed in the "R" programming language, were used. To carry out the analytical work, the method employs a computational approach based on the tripod simulation of environmental performance, parametric design, and optimization process for holistic environmental performance evaluation in a holistic way. The three most common typologies of urban blocks are analyzed: 1. Tower, 2. Slab Buildings and 3. Perimetral Buildings with Courtyard. The parametric design is developed in the Grasshopper visual programming interface of the modeling program and Rhinoceros 3d. Environmental performance simulations are performed by the Ladybug Tools suite, which serves as an access interface for Radiance and EnergyPlus. While the Opossum plugin allows you to carry out the optimization process with the RBF algorithm. The optimization process employed has three objectives to be maximized: Weighted Average Shade Index (ISavgPond) for urban climate analysis; Useful Daylight Spatial Illuminance (sUDI) as an indicator of the lighting of internal spaces and Load Cover Factor (LCF) that contemplates energy consumption and generation and thus serves to analyze the null energy balance. The results are applied using r-person correlation analysis between the typology project variables, optimization objectives, and other indicators, in addition to those with in-depth analysis with the support of scatter plots for the scenarios with the highest correlations. In addition, an analysis of the project variables is performed with the aid of boxplot graphs. The best results present in the Pareto forehead are also clustered using the Cmeans algorithm. Finally, the best scenarios for each of the three objectives are analyzed, in addition to the Dominated Volume – an indicator for the balance (or trade-off) between the objectives – for each of the typol

The work of Construtora Rabello S.A, led by Engineer Marco Paulo Rabello, left its mark on the history of modern architecture of prefabrication in reinforced concrete carried out in the construction of Brasília/DF. This exploratory thesis of a bibliographic, referential and documentary nature through interviews and publications highlights practical experiences with the use of prefabrication in the 1960s and 1970s. Rabello has historically demonstrated that prefabricated architecture is heavy in several ways, whether carried out on a construction site or in a factory, it undertook an aesthetic-structural architecture in each plastically structured unit due to the knowledge of its technical staff participating in the Rabello Group. Based on the documentation, trajectory and developments of the Group's projects, it is clear that the building element, the construction process and the expertise of the technical executors working during this period took Rabello to the peak of its performance. The design expressiveness from the point of view of the plastic relationship as art and aesthetics, expresses the concept of modern architecture as a formal building element transformed into architecture. The study brings to light a narrative based on the general historical context, from the emergence of the use of reinforced concrete to the implementation of heavy prefabrication of aesthetic-structural parts implemented by the Rabello Group in works carried out in Brasília/DF. Thought out and experimented after incessant studies, the transition from construction sites to industries was concisely demonstrated the appropriation of the construction system. Recovering the importance of the construction company and the construction system and the technology used, as well as the resources spent, guided the specific objectives of the thesis in addition to qualitatively highlighting the data to be preserved, motivating the unique character, filling the gap, demonstrating the strength of the continued connection between architecture and engineering involving the technical professionals involved.

This research presupposes that the rural-urban continuum is a means to integrate rural and urban territories in the local master plan (LMP) and, consequentially, in territorial planning. For this purpose, the research aims to systematize some parameters of the rural-urban continuum that converge in rural zoning and installments, added to the LMP regulations. The research underpins the need to develop tools applicable to territorial politics (Travassos; Portes, 2018). For the municipality, the Estatuto da Cidade (Law no. 10.257/2001) orders to act in the entire territorial across rural and urban spaces, with the LMP defining the organizational norm. Therefore, the planning procedures would focus on each territory, deal with the particularities and, subsequently, the integrating. However, the LMP tendentious to transform rural areas into urban areas, under pressure from landholding regularization and the urban spralw dynamics of the real estate sector and irregular and clandestine subdivisions. In this context, rural-urban integration requires a prior interpretation of the concept of territory to be included in the LMP, starting from the interpretation of territorialities and TDR processes on territorial praxis (Saquet, 2017). In territorialities, spatial heterogeneity (Andrade, 2014; Lovett et al., 2006) as a tool allows the identification of quantifiable characteristics of space by specific units and continuous spatial patches. Thus, the patterns (Alexander et al., 1977; Andrade, 2014) of the spatial configuration are revealed with explicit clarity of the spatial form arrangements, whether urban or rural. The rural-urban transect (Duany; Falk, 2020) postulates a method of transition from the most rural to the most urban scale, traversing a continuum of zones with distinct ecological, housing, and agrarian characteristics. In this context, the research starts from the territorial reality of the Distrito Federal (DF) with the case study of Serrinha do Paranoá/SHTQ located in RA XIX Lago Norte. Landholding regularization is a fact in the region, given that the government claims to be urban, instrumented by the PDOT (DF’s LMP) with Áreas de Regularização de Interesse Específico (ARINE). In contrast, the community proclaims rural regularization, given the occupational reality with rural centers consolidated by farm for agricultural activities and environmental preservation. The biased scenario demarcates the ARINES over the rural centers, with legal uncertainty regarding the permanence of the smallholders in place. The research, through georeferenced mapping (QGIS software), identified that the rural is more appropriate to the environmental risks in the region. In mapping of spatial heterogeneity over the ARINES, fractions and patches on the territory were identified, revealing characteristics of rural installment. Therefore, landholding regularization is defined as rural. They also identified three spatial patterns of rural configuration: rural intensification; rural allotment (village/hamlet); and single-family rural subdivisions. Subsequently, the patterns were systematized in the three zones of the ruralurban continuum in the rural-urban transect. For the zones, the research established some parameters attributed to aspects of rural zoning and installment. Through this real construct, the research validates rural-urban territorial integration in the LMP and territorial planning, consolidating a guiding referential for the Planning of Rural-Urban Continnum in Serrinha do Paranoá/SHTQ.

Mineral extraction in Brazil is responsible for a considerable portion of the national gross domestic product (GDP). This large extractive volume is directly related to the amount of waste generated at the end of the production plants. Solutions aimed at incorporating deposited/discarded tailings contribute to minimizing the environmental liabilities generated by mineral exploration. The civil construction sector has been a great ally in this type of solution, while several of its materials and construction techniques allow the use or incorporation of waste from the most different production chains. Among these techniques is adobe, which consists of forming plastic soils into a prismatic format, with subsequent air drying to then be used in buildings as a component of different systems, such as sealing, structural and even roofing. That said, this work sought to evaluate the performance of adobes produced with the addition of copper and gold mining tailings, deposited in the municipality of Alto Horizonte, in the state of Goiás. The adobes were made with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% incorporation of the tailings into the local soil sample. The units produced were subsequently subjected to simple compression and water absorption tests by immersion, where the mixture with 20% (by mass) of tailings was the one that presented the best results in both indices, even if it did not reach the minimum established by the Brazilian regulations. It was concluded that the production of adobes with the incorporation of mining tailings in up to 20% by mass, following the criteria defined in the research, resulted in components with better performance in simple compression and water absorption, when compared to the control units. , produced only with soil. However, in order to meet the minimum strength requirements, a greater addition of stabilizer, such as cement or lime, is necessary.

This dissertation addresses two examples of standard projects of kindergartens built in Ceilândia and Sol Nascente / Pôr do Sol, administrative regions of Brasilia. They result from the implementation in the Federal District of the National Programme for the Structuring and Acquisition of Equipment for the Public School Network for Child Education (Proinfância). Created in 2007, this programme aimed to finance and offer technical assistance to municipalities, responsible for the education of children between 0 and 6 years old. Proinfância provides standard projects for day-care centres to be built across the country. The standardization of buildings raises a question that is sometimes uncomfortable for those who design and build them: how does the standard project relate to the city, the neighborhood and its community? The study of the mentioned examples aims to collaborate to this debate. Methodologically, we seek to define an understanding for the term standard project, from a bibliographical review; then, we proceed to the case studies analyzed in two approaches: that of its spatial implementation, considering the relationship with the administrative region, the land and the neighborhood; and that of its social appropriation, both based on tools of evaluation of the built environment, according to Rheingantz et al. (2009).

The territorial problem of quilombola communities is updated with the neoliberal urban development that has been taking place since the 1980s with the dismantling of States that have a management based on land exploitation and expropriation of rights, among other points. Rapid population growth, intensifies industrial restructuring, increases at ever-increasing levels the polarization of social classes, precariousness in the functioning of public institutions in general, and which contributes to triggering territorial conflicts that also affect quilombola reminiscences.
Thus, this study intends to show the need to consider the Afro-descendant rural specificity – Afro-rurality – within the context of the development of urban territorial planning, raising the question of how Bem Viver and Afro-rural identity can dialogue with the territorial policies of the State, because, federal, state and municipal government bodies, in addition to public service concessionaires, in the implementation of urban policies aimed at improving, territorial policy instruments, such as master plans, and these need to be linked to the specific cosmovision of these traditional communities alignment planning urban development and economic, environmental and social sustainability of these peoples and safeguard of these sites.
And it is understood through the problem presented and the proposed approach that it is necessary to align the legal bases that guarantee the safeguard of quilombola reminiscences, the characterization and understanding as a social technology of traditional knowledge and public policies of urban planning aimed at territorial preservation and identity of this population. And based on these aspects, this project intends to use as a case study Quilombo Mesquita, a community located in the municipality of Cidade Oeste (GO), which was certified as a quilombola reminiscence by the Palmares Cultural Foundation in 2006, had its territory delimited by INCRA through the Report Identification and Delimitation Technician in 2011.

The objective of the research is to indicate how companies operating public transport by bus can appropriate the value generated in the chain of the urban public transport system by bus in order to guarantee an increase in the quality and profit of the operation.

This dissertation overflows with nostalgia and ancestry and, therefore, is a tribute from Laíse to Luísa (personification of the city of São Luís-Maranhão). João do Vale says that “everyone sings about their land”, so I decided to write about mine. An architect-artist, increasingly exercising her architect-historian side that proposes to “embroider the urban history” of São Luís-Maranhão, specifically in the 19th and 20th centuries, as a tool for experimental city reading that is circumscribed in a movement swing between “escrevivência” (a term coined by Conceição Evaristo that approaches writing and experience) and a conceptual-methodological dimension that we call hypertextual, insofar as the historiographical text is directly linked and equated with another block of information: the visual. A temporal shaping in which spatiality and materiality, in addition to the colonial trace, are systematized as a graphed and mapped representation. In this case, despite relying on academic technical-normative conventions required within the scope of the master's degree, the textual production in question seeks a dynamic, permeable and nonlinear construction, starting from the agglutination and incorporation of visuality, gestures, experience, affectivity, imaginary and sensoriality in historiography. Seams between architecture, art, city and history engendered in visual and bibliographic articulations. More than an allusion to the technical inventiveness and symbolic strength of embroidery present in the objects and clothing of local cultural manifestations, as well as in other international conceptual and artistic references, embroidery as a conceptual (graphic language and visual resource cartographic - texturing, linearity, dotted, dashed etc.) and methodological vector (as a principle of dissertation and historiographical structuring). A way of enabling the traveler-reader to make unpredictable crossings and multiple associations/accesses between image and text under “unpredictable” routes that welcome “contaminations” and dialogues between three disciplinary fields, namely: architecture and urbanism (morphology; theory; history and urban criticism); visual arts (contemporary poetics) and historiography (cultural history and mentalities). A border approximation between art and science that overflows the compartmentalization and watertightness of the fields of knowledge, aiming to delineate a transdisciplinary interpretative possibility in which experience and fruition are reestablished as the core of the discussions of the city object, beyond the architect.

The energy efficiency market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the need to reduce energy consumption in consumer units and the increasing awareness of environmental issues. These projects have received extensive technical support from industry professionals and society at large, due to their relevance to sustainability and the opportunity to align them with current trends in project design. To develop these projects, prescriptive methodologies with equations and simulations using computational tools are employed to understand the consumer's reality and propose efficient actions that meet their specific needs. However, implementing these projects faces challenges such as time constraints, high costs of audits and consultations, and the need for specialized technical knowledge. To ensure a more accurate assessment and quantify the benefits obtained from energy efficiency projects, performance verification and energy modeling focused on sustainability are necessary. The Palácio do Desenvolvimento building in Brasília, Federal District, was selected as a case study, and measurements of energy consumption, analyses of construction and usage characteristics, validation of meteorological data, climate monitoring, and simulations were conducted to evaluate potential suggestions for energy efficiency actions that encompass both technological and operational aspects. The results of these analyses provided valuable insights for the development of efficient and sustainable strategies within the context of the studied building. They demonstrated significant consistency with the evaluated parameters. It was observed that the construction characteristics adopted in the simulation model yielded coherent results, accurately reflecting the energy performance of the building under study. Furthermore, the operational data used in calculations and simulations proved to be suitable, contributing to precise analysis. The comparison between the measured climatic data in the building and the national climatic data showed satisfactory agreement, validating the representativeness of the local environment. Additionally, the climatic data used in the simulator exhibited a behavior similar to the national climatic data, enhancing the reliability of the conducted simulations. This consistency and similarity among the results highlight the robustness of the analyses performed and reinforce the validity of the conclusions drawn from the simulations

This research seeks to investigate the characteristics of buildings constructed in the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, during the 1930s and 1940s under the authoritarian government of Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, especially during the New State (Estado Novo in Portuguese) period (1937-1945). The constructions analyzed are considered illustrative of a transition from historicist aesthetics in construction to the first modern manifestations, not necessarily modernist, in the city of Cuiabá. These modern expressions were manifested throughout those years in institutional buildings constructed with a series of varied characteristics. Within the myriad of idioms in the architecture of those buildings, it is highlighted the presence of aspects of modernized neoclassical, art deco, and neocolonial. In addition to analyzing the characteristics of the buildings, this thesis also seeks to reflect on the historiographic construction of Brazilian architecture, which was focused on the buildings that resulted from the modern movement. This preliminary historiography ended up “invisibilizing” other important manifestations that occurred in expressively numerous ways, especially the civic architecture produced outside the major centers of the country. Finally, the work aims to discuss the relationship between architecture and politics in this context — especially because it is a period of an authoritarian government in Brazil and also the years before and during World War II. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the materialization of these relations in the space and the results in Cuiabá’s landscape, especially because those buildings lead to the introduction of new materials and construction techniques on the site.

The construction of buildings is a relevant part in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), but there are lacks of informations regarding the GHG emissions embedded in the processes and their constructive elements. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of climate change in buildings through the LCA methodology. Its specific objectives are (i) to assess the LCA support tools for the Brazilian context; (ii) to compare the applicability of different national databases; and (iii) to systematize an LCA methodology for built buildings. The research method is organized in six steps. Initially, (i) the study area is determined as stage 01 of the Northwest Sector, in the Federal District, and then (ii) the building typologies for the analysis are determined, which in this study are three typologies with different floor plan projection areas (square floor plan, 1.024m2; rectangular floor plan, 1. 000m2; and rectangular plan 1.500m2) and then, it is proposed the (iii) survey of the characteristics of the typologies, (iv) the extraction and organization of the data obtained in the survey, to (v) perform the LCA of the analyzed typologies and, finally, (vi) the interpretation of the results obtained in the LCA to communicate them. As a result, it was observed the lack of knowledge and information about the environmental impact related to climate change on built buildings in the Brazilian context from the evaluation of some cities' climate mitigation plans. Another point observed was the existence of different tools to support the evaluation of GHG emissions in buildings sector in the Brazilian context, but there is not yet a single consolidated platform for use. Typology 1 (23 units) obtained as a result of the LCA a total of 2.65 kgCO2eq./m2.a, typology 2 (51 units) obtained 3.13 kgCO2eq./m2.a and typology 3 (11 units) obtained 4.08 kgCO2eq./m2.a, totaling 265.46 kgCO2 eq./m2.a coming from the residential buildings of the stage 01 of the Northwest Sector-DF, considering a lifetime of 50 years. Finally, it is considered that architectures that deliberate the use of materials with greater rationality can also indicate buildings with lower impact related to GHG incorporated emission.

Brazilian cities have encountered several difficulties in providing the population with quality public spaces, understood here as those that offer positive experiences in city use, especially in the dimensions of mobility, social interaction, and urban economy. Although the constitutional attribution to execute urban development policies lies with the municipalities, the benefits associated with quality public spaces, also known as dynamic spaces, motivate various social sectors to participate in promoting them. For this purpose, there are instruments of urban law that facilitate the realization of project and management of public spaces with the participation of public and private agents. Among these instruments, land subdivision stands out as the starting point for structuring public spaces. Facing this problem, the study aimed to identify project guidelines and management responsibilities to make urban land subdivisions promoters of urban spatial quality. To do so, the concept of public space, its functions, typologies, and what defines urban dynamism were explored, as well as the instruments of urban law. Three main aspects were discussed: how the land subdivision norm can promote the incorporation of project guidelines to achieve the urban characteristics that define spatial urban quality; how it can promote improvements in spatial management through definitions of responsibility distribution, and how the code of postures can become the instrument that concentrates norms for project and management of public spaces in partnership between public and private sectors. The method approached the project dimension by constructing tables with urban characteristics and urban project guidelines highlighted in specialized literature as facilitators of urban dynamism. In the management dimension, synthesis tables of urban law instruments associated with the modalities of 'controlled access allotments' and ‘condominium of lots’ were also constructed. The findings are used to evaluate the project of the 'Cidade Urbitá' neighborhood, to be implemented in Brasília/DF/Brazil, regarding the sufficiency of guidelines for promoting the dynamism of public spaces. As contributions, the work proposes recommendations for the improvement of regulations related to land subdivision in order to promote the quality of public spaces.

Occupations or human settlements, located in peri-urban areas of Latin America, are places with diverse potential in terms of geography and atmospheric conditions, but at the same time they are scenarios with various problems, such as lack of urban greenery, socio-territorial inequality and socio-environmental injustice. This research encourages reflection on the socio-environmental and socio-ecological importance of open spaces in the context of the peripheries of Latin American capitals, specifically in the Santa Luzia Occupation in Brasilia-DF, Brazil and the Cerro Verde human settlement in Lima, Peru. The objective of this research is the proposition of socio-ecological parameters or patterns (ALEXANDER, et al, 1977) (ANDRADE, 2014) identified through the Landscapes of the South (VERÍSSIMO, et al, 2020), with the aim of improving the socio-environmental quality of life of the inhabitants who have historically been relegated and neglected by the state. Through a theoretical perspective that criticizes the current modern, capitalist and patriarchal system justified by its ability to place us from an appropriate perspective, different and critical to the Eurocentric and hegemonic within the area of architecture and urbanism, specifically Landscape Architecture, which inferiorizes knowledge and other landscapes. Exalting popular participation and selforganization through Ecofeminism (SHIVA; MIES, 1993). In addition, urban planning, landscaping, environment, right to the city, right to environmental quality, justice and environmental racism, among other tangential issues necessary to understand the research problem and case studies, and therefore achieve more feminist, just, healthy and solidary cities, are critically observed.

The countries share the same mission: the reduction of energy consumption and the search for solutions for sustainable development. Among the challenges of this path, energy efficiency stands out as a solution for the energy transition and as a more economical alternative to meet energy demand. Within the scope of energy efficiency, it can be considered that for hospital units there are still gaps to be filled and areas of research and studies, mainly focused on planning and management of energy efficiency measures in these units. Hospitals have characteristic equipment with higher powers than the equipment normally found in commercial and residential buildings, have continuous operation and specific operating characteristics in certain areas, for example, the quality of the environment in operating rooms. In an exploratory study, it was identified that a good part of the literature is focused on passive solutions, insertion of digitization in hospitals for energy control and measurement and data collection for benchmarking development. However, it is essential to obtain tools that help in the planning and management of energy efficiency actions in hospitals. In this sense, the main contribution of this work is to develop the base of a software tool to help managers and technicians in the planning and management of energy efficiency in hospitals.

As soon as the construction of a new capital in the Planalto Central began, an enormous interest in Brasília was awakened, which resulted in an abundant bibliographical production. In a political dispute — involving opposition and criticism, on the one hand, and a counterattack in order to legitimize the transfer of the capital, on the other —, several literary texts were published, which corroborate the changeist discourses, buto also reinforce the criticisms or give rise to new attacks against the ongoing change project. This dissertation takes these literary texts as a source of historical research in Brasilia, analyzing how they contributed to forge a social imaginary of the city, as well as examining the sensibilities revealed by them, which sometimes other historical documents miss, especially those related to the everyday life of the city under construction, which appears represented from different perspectives and narrative focuses.

This paper discusses the housing irregularity of the Federal District and aims to evaluate the district's land regularization policy, focusing on the timeframe initiated with the approval of the current Master Plan for Territorial Planning, Complementary Law No. 803/2009. The background to the construction of the city points to the influence of modernist urbanism on territorial expansion and the origins of the land valuation process. Successive land use plans contrast with the consolidation of informal settlements and show how the growth of the real city interfered with formal planning, as well as highlighting territorial tensions and disputes that persist to this day. The housing policy practiced in the Federal District, characterized for many years by the removal of "invasions" and the distribution of semi-urban lots, has given way to the current guideline that favors the permanence of occupants and the qualification of illegally implanted urban nuclei. Different conceptions of irregularity are presented, as well as some lines of action based on the two paradigms of land regularization that have stood out in Latin America: the Peruvian, centered on the legal regularization of lots; and the Brazilian, aligned with a conception of full land regularization. From this context, the research looks at the approval of the current Urban Land Regularization - Reurb instrument and observes to what extent its implementation has met the demand for housing land regularization in the Federal District. The investigation is guided by a historical approach and presupposes the study of political, social, economic and cultural interfaces, using bibliographical and documentary research to support the reflections. A legal-urban analysis of Reurb is carried out in the light of the national legal system, under the terms of Law No. 13.465/2017 and its antecedents, as well as its application and regulation at the district level. Based on the compilation and cross-referencing of official data, an updated overview of housing irregularities and land regularization processes is presented in order to demonstrate the expressiveness of actions by administrative regions and according to the modalities of the instrument: specific interest (Reurb-E) and social interest (Reurb-S). The studies indicate the contribution of Reurb to tackling informality, although they point to the greater progress and completion of land regularization processes for middle-income occupations, to the detriment of the less privileged groups.

The present study aimed to depict the inherent inequities in professional practice based on the information from the 2nd Census of the Council of Architecture and Urbanism of Brazil – CAU/BR, conducted in 2020, starting from the following hypothesis: the greater the overlap of difference markers of an individual in relation to a normative reference (in the categories of gender, race, and disability), the greater their vulnerabilities throughout their career. When it comes to gender, we tend to talk about women; when it's about race, we think of non-white individuals; and when we speak of bodies, we have an ideal based on ability for a particular model of work. In this research, an inverse approach was adopted, shifting the focus to the white, cisgender, and non-disabled man to demonstrate his privileges in relation to others. Those who deviate from this standard were not marked, and their intersections were not hierarchized, both to simplify the reading of the data and to enable and encourage a convergence of agendas. Conceptualizing categories and then suppressing them, disaggregating data to reaggregate them, deconstructing a canon without proposing new hierarchies, we sought, through a wandering narrative, to conduct an exercise of provocations. We delved into aspects such as discourse, representation, and behavior, contextualized in structured axes derived from a critical grouping of questionnaire questions: 1) identity, 2) income, 3) education, 4) habits and inputs, 5) work, and 6) politics.

In the context of global urban insurgencies waged in the last decade, which marked a cycle of Latin American insurgencies, there was an explosion of Houses of Culture and Cultural Occupations on the outskirts of the Federal District, led by social movements and cultural collectives, which positioned the Periphery in the center of the urban issue, formulating a counter-hegemonic city project, drawn from the inventive and emancipatory power of its practices, knowledge and forms of daily management, which have pointed out new directions and horizons for insurgent and popular planning. However, there is still a theoreticalmethodological void regarding the explosion of peripheral insurgencies in this period, which makes it difficult to evaluate and understand their capabilities, demands, demands and analyze their effects. Thus, this research sought to map the Cultural Occupations and Houses of Culture that emerged in the peripheral territories of the Federal District from 2010 onwards, in order to systematize and understand their sociocultural expressions, forms of action and resistance, agendas of struggle, demands, as well as conflicts. territories that cross them, with the aim of systematizing planning guidelines for inserting Occupations into the PDOT, in order to contribute to its valuation, regularization and permanence processes. To this end, this dissertation incorporated the methodology of action research, which was carried out in four phases – permeated by cartography: (1) analysis and evaluation of cultural policy instruments and PDOT/2009; (2) cartography of territories (practices, conflicts and general demands); (3) Articulation meetings in Cultural Occupations (survey of specific problems/demands); (4) planning guidelines for entering Occupations into PDOT. This process revealed how collectives and Cultural Occupations have been giving public visibility to their common agendas and demands, which explain a central gap in urban planning in the DF: the lack of urban instruments aimed at the valorization, regularization and permanence of their territories, marked by the condition of invisibility and permanent threat, legitimized by the selective application of urban legislation. Thus, six Meetings were held monthly in different Occupations, where most of the demands revolved around mapping, surveying and systematizing information about these territories. In this process, cartography acted as an instrument of social mobilization and incorporated part of the demands raised, aiming to contribute, instrumentalize and enhance the struggle for the collectives' right to the city. Finally, aiming to address the demands raised and encourage, strengthen and value the sociocultural practices of the Occupations, grouped into the six fronts of action that were decoded in this research, such as: artistic and cultural expressions; popular education; health and self-care; solidarity networks; socio-environmental practice; and popular economy/income generation; five thematic axes of planning guidelines were generated, which insert and incorporate Cultural Occupations in the PDOT, in an intersectoral and transversal way, in the various aspects that make up and guide territorial planning, such as: (1) Zoning, Use and Occupation of Land; (2) Sustainable Economic Development; (3) Community and social facilities; (4) Land Regularization; and (6) Information System. These guidelines recognize Cultural Occupations as vectors of socio-spatial transformation, inserting them as drivers of the urban, social, economic and environmental development policy of the Federal District.

There are lost links between nature and man that have been building throughout history, making people more dominating than partners of nature (THOMAS, 1989). In cities, it is observed the disregard of ecological characteristics to locate green areas with prevalence of the relationships between densities and presence of these spaces that have emphasis on the function of social integration (BEZERRA et al, 2016). These areas are routinely decorative spaces and accessories that contribute little to the preservation of the ecosystem and/or the provision of environmental services (SPIRN, 1995). In view of this problem and identified the gap in the discussion of an ecologically based urban green areas system (UGAS), the research aims to establish criteria of an ecosystem and urban nature for the implementation of urban green areas systems, as well as urban-environmental instruments that favor its implementation and management. It states that the need to renaturalize cities finds in the landscape ecology bases to define the criteria that should support the studies of an ecological UGAS such as: connectivity, multifunctionality multiscale, interdisciplinarity, social participation, promotion of biodiversity and permeability. It studies the environmental and urban normative bases of several Brazilian cities, allowing the identification of cities with UGAS’s with some degree of implementation (especially São Paulo and Campinas), as well as environmental and urban instruments that can support the implementation of a UGAS. It verifies through the landscape metrics method the UGAS's of these cities regarding the applicability of the defined criteria and finally, presents the technical procedures to be performed for the structuring of an ecological-based UGAS with potential for the provision of urban ecosystem services.

This work proposes ways for a Sound’s sensitive Brasilia. With the purpose of deepening the urban-sound debate and its social implications, we sought to study the nocturnal soundscape of Brasilia, focusing on the Plano Piloto. A soundscape at the same time unique and so common to large cities, in which different elements, perceptions and uses coexists, sometimes conflicting such as rest and nightlife. Understanding the relationship between sound and urban space, therefore, considered both the objectives (morphological, physical, environmental, acoustic) and subjectives (perceptual, political and social) aspects, taking into account both the material aspects and those that bring an important load of the subjects' perception. The development of the work is justified by the fact that, despite the peaceful sound ambience of the city, night noise (from bars, restaurants, nightclubs and other establishments that operate during this period) is currently a relevant nuisance factor for a portion of the population residing in the Plano Piloto’s Superblocks, verified in records of complaints to the Federal District Government bodies and in recurrent conflicts between residents, owners and users of bars and cultural producers. Such clashes result, among other factors, from the growth of nighttime leisure activities in the Commercial Interblocks and the proximity and relative position between these and some residential blocks in the superblocks. We take as a hypothesis the idea that urban planning seen only in its physical and functional aspects, as it usually happens, is incapable of dealing with the resolution of social conflicts. In addition, the morphology of the city brings configurational aspects that directly influence the comfort of users in relation to environmental elements (sun/solation, light/illumination, wind/ventilation and sound/acoustics). Thus, the main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to point out ways to make possible and healthy the coexistence between nighttime leisure and rest in the Pilot Plan of Brasilia, proposing guidelines and recommendations for an urban planning sensitive to sounds. To achieve this goal, we also seek to: Discuss the role of environmental balance and urban vitality for life’s quality and sustainable urban design; List the legal and normative instruments that can favor sound-sensitive urban planning; Understand the nocturnal soundscape of the residential scale of the Plano Piloto in Brasilia; Highlight the specificities of the Acoustic Design process in urban space, starting from the study of sound and its impacts on human health and comfort. Finally, we present recommendations for the acoustic design process from the urban scale to the environment scale, including the building, aiming to create urban and architectural spaces with greater sound comfort and that combine urban vitality and environmental balance.

Modern architecture conservation initiatives expanded internationally in the 1990s, under the leadership of Docomomo organization, favouring the concept and design of works linked to the Modern Movement. In the 2000s, another view on the subject emerged, and culminated in the formation of Icomos International Scientific Committee on 20th Century Heritage – which started to consider the conservation of buildings from a broader time frame, with a wider range of value attributes, including their history and their materiality. This view gained momentum in the last decade, and the issuing of the Madrid-New Delhi Document in 2017 is a milestone of that process. Thus, the state-of-the-art for 20th century heritage conservation acknowledges its full insertion in the conservation field and recognizes its diversity of values and value attributes. This thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of those issues and to more precise professional practices, by analysing the recognition and preservation of age value in 32 buildings, built from 1901 to 1991, spread across nine Brazilian states. Age value is a key concept in Alois Riegl’s concurrent values theory from 1903, that remains a landmark in contemporary conservation thought. The first part of the thesis demonstrates how age value has arisen and changed during Riegl's last years, in its relation to his concepts of atmosphere (Stimmung) and attention (Aufmerksamkeit), departing from an emphasis on natural time and arriving at the emphasis in human continuity, and manifesting itself through weathering, obsolescence and intentional changes in buildings. The case studies in the second part of the text explore those three attributes in a practical way, identifying many cases in which age value is relevant and liable to be conserved. Weathering-related age value varies according to building materials, to the architectural element in which these are used, and the building in which the latter takes part; it can exist in modern or traditional, fragile or resistant materials; it may be in correspondence or in conflict with design intent; and it can spring from mass-produced items, making them unique. Obsolescence-related age value can manifest itself in outdated standards, unfashionable appearance, or lost functions of buildings; the ambiguity and friction between times are a source of interest for the public. Change-related age value is less common than the other ones; it becomes visible as a type of formal complexity or contradiction, and its recognition depends on one’s sensitivity to these features. Finally, age value conservation depends on the recognition of the importance of buildings, within heritage agencies and outside of them, before and after their listing; it also depends on whether or not the conservation concepts of the professionals involved in its safeguarding recognize its materiality and its history as being relevant.

Faced with the indisputable finitude of basic raw materials for the civil construction industry and the problem caused by global warming, the incorporation of sustainability in its components helps and provides information for the analysis and selection of materials. In the context of building sustainability, the material selection process is currently emerging as a necessary premise for the sustainability of the built environment. In this thesis, we started from the premise that proposing a sustainable built environment implies, mainly, a closer articulation of materials, based on pre-established requirements, in coherence with new technological demands. In this context, the main purpose of the research was to develop a methodology to help the selection and development of materials in the light of sustainability, practical and accessible to the theoretical knowledge of the interested parties. The methodological structure is based on Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), in which sustainability indicators such as the amount of polluting emissions and embodied energy are measured and evaluated. The objective of the methodology is to provide a practical tool for analyzing the environmental performance of building materials. The methodological scope does not consist in determining whether the building material is sustainable or not, but how much this material can become sustainable. The methodology for evaluating the environmental performance of building materials, called Methodology (EPBMC): identifies, directs, evaluates and presents environmental improvements, considering pre-established sustainability indicators. The Methodology establishes the (Ipe) environmental performance index, and proposes a graphic scale, to determine the level of environmental performance that can vary from 0% to 100%. The methodology classifies environmental performance as: very low, low, medium, high and advanced. Its structure consists of 7 sequential and interdependent stages, and was conceived with the purpose of seeking opportunities for environmental improvements in the component or material of civil construction. As study material, the interlocking concrete pavement block was adopted for the application of the methodology. The proposal for environmental improvements in the pavement block, presented a reduction of 51,29% or about 9,48 kgCO₂/m², for CO₂ polluting emissions and a reduction of 27,98% of embodied energy (EI), or about of 31,26 MJ/m².

There is no consensus that the term resilience has the same origin. In Brazil, it is believed that the word originated from the exact sciences. The word resilience comes from the Latin word resílio, resilire, which means "to retreat". The term is widely used in the human sciences and psychology. In psychology publications, the reference to resilience started to be used. The concept was developed and introduced in ecological scientific research by Holling, in the 1970s, associated with ecosystems. Holling presented the term as a measure of the ability of systems to absorb changes and disturbances without losing the ties between their constituent elements. After being widely used in the areas of psychology and ecology, it began to be used in matters related to disasters and organizational management of cities. However, this concept has been expanded and today, when talking about urban resilience, or resilience in urban mobility, the concept can be defined as the capacity of a system to maintain its functionality under interruptions, time and resources necessary to restore the level of performance after interruptions. The researchers agree that the city, as a dynamic entity, is not considered just an ecological system, but a social system, therefore a dynamic and socio-ecological system, as it undergoes constant processes of change and adaptation. For a city to maintain its dynamics, its mobility system has to be working in a very balanced way. There are several systems that make up urban mobility, among them the road system stands out, which, in a simple way, is the set of streets and avenues of a city. The road system is one of the most important and necessary elements that make up the urban space. Studying and evaluating a city's road system based on the concept of resilience means understanding how, even when part of the main road is interrupted, the city manages to maintain its circulation through other roads, even if they do not have the same characteristics, but the city manages to maintain its operation. This thesis has the main purpose of composing a theoretical framework on resilience, urban mobility and the road system, and supported by spatial analysis tools, to provide procedures in a methodological way that, in any interruption in the road of a city, the procedures described here can serve of assistance in carrying out interventions and detours on the road that will be able to maintain displacements in a resilient way without major damage to the functioning of the city. Assessing resilience in the road system is a planning support tool that allows the city to continue functioning even when part of its main road system is interrupted.

Carrying out integrated public policy actions for local productive arrangements is one of the strategies of the Federal Government of Brazil to promote regional development (BRASIL, 2004). However, the context of current market instability poses difficulties for the development of this policy. This context of uncertainties encompasses social and environmental problems that are not resolved with traditional solutions, requiring productive agglomerations to be strong, sustainable and less vulnerable to the risks characteristic of constant transformations. They need to be strong, consolidated. Therefore, the problem proposed for this research is how to consolidate a productive agglomeration, making it more competitive in the market? One of the significant aspects for the consolidation of the productive agglomerate to occur and the increase of competitiveness is the decision-making process, that is, its governance. Governance is a device that articulates the coordination of actions between different actors, accommodating conflicting interests to carry out cooperative actions. Therefore, the hypothesis adopted in this research is that the consolidation of a productive agglomeration is the result of a strategy that includes governance actions of productive agglomerations composed of both corporate governance and cluster management resources. This strategy is the means to ensure greater use of the potential of agglomerations beyond the geographic advantage. And the objective of the thesis is the design of a corporate governance structure for productive clusters (EGCAP), which includes governance actions for productive clusters, also composed of cluster management resources and which seeks the consolidation of this cluster. For this, a base structure was designed with elements collected in the literature and the Lean Product Process, created by Dan Olsen (2015), was applied to adjust this structure as a product/service to the market. One of the steps in this process is the MVP test, which was carried out based on interviews with entrepreneurs from productive clusters in Aparecida de Goiânia. As a result, it was observed the adherence of entrepreneurs to the EGCAP proposal, the need to develop a culture of collectivity, the urgency of problems related to the lack of manpower and high turnover and the importance of governance to think strategically in the leverage of the cluster.

Throughout 11 years of the Brazilian housing program named Minha Casa, Minha Vida - PMCMV (2009 to 2020), a vast amount of resources has been available for its different subprograms, resulting in a large number of new housing units. Thus, the program enabled the country to mobilize, in a relatively brief period, resources and a productive structure capable of facing its serious housing problem. However, many critics have pointed out problems regarding the location of housing, low quality projects and their subtle contribution to the life of cities and people. For the most part, the PMCMV subprogram called Entidades (PMCMV-E) has been spared from such criticism, even though it represents a small portion of the PMCMV - this being, in fact, a sensitive point of criticism. This work researches social housing policies and aims to dialogue with the specialized literature on the subject, especially those that address how entities manage the entire process of approval and construction of housing units. It studies the PMCMV, focusing on its subprogram Entidades (PMCMV-E), which had the greatest possibility of implementing projects as well as work processes that deviate from the prevailing standards of popular social housing. In this sense, this work studies the relevance of PMCMV-E within the entire housing program, its advances, limitations and challenges - the latter referred here as crossroads. Posing as investigation questions (i) the development of the subprogram, considering its original proposals related to entities construction management; the difficulties and the limits inherent to programs managed by entities; the constraints imposed by the specific rules of the PMCMV and the strategies adopted by the entities to overtake them; the incentives to expand and gains in efficiency/effectiveness that could be offered to the subprogram; the structural and conjunctural reasons for the limited scale. To explore these questions, a set of procedures and methods were adopted, such as, the study of the bibliography related to housing, as well as to the theoretical and empirical issues of entities management programs, and to the PMCMV in general and Entidades specifically; study of PMCMV regulations, reports from the Ministério das Cidades and Caixa Econômica Federal; interviews with stakeholders in the implementation of the program, such as entities coordinators, members of technical advisory services to entities, etc.; and analysis of projects, photographs and aerial images of housing units and their location; and field research in location selected due to analytical interest. Among the results obtained, it is to be mentiong the organization and discussion of fundamental aspects pointed out as positives and negatives of the subprogram in light of the critical literature, and the organization of proposals to improve procedures, expand the scope of the subprogram, etc. In this way, the research intends to contribute to the deepening of reflection and critical knowledge of the policies and praxis of entities management housing as a public policy of the State.

The current process of calculating the depreciation of real estate is established according to variables such as the state of conservation and the useful life of building systems or materials, without analyzing the effective degradation, performance or obsolescence of these components. Simple inspections, with a team ofproperly trained technicians, can collect data on the state of conservation and time of use, important for investment and preservation of residential, commercial, institutional, industrial assets, historical heritage and even works of art. In addition to the low cost of implementation, this type of inspection is widely disseminated in several research centers around the world, including in regions with difficult access to technologies or sensors for control. This research proposes two goals: the first is the numerical model for the calculation of performance in its various levels, based on the degradation value obtained during the building inspection; the second goal, the certification process with the contribution of this model in the life cycle of the enterprise to assist in the management process of the built environment. Before these goals, however, it is necessary to present the life cycle of the built environment and the association between performance and degradation, obsolescence and depreciation. The perspective is to pay attention to the justified possibility of preserving residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, historical heritage, works of art and thus establish a sustainable line in the construction industry. By deepening the knowledge about the state of conservation of the asset and its time of use to attract investment, the process proposed in this research allows the entire decision chain on degradation, obsolescence, performance and depreciation to be analyzed step by step, whether it is isolated building systems or enterprises in a global way.

Industrial heritage has achieved considerable interest in Brazil, including on relationship with the landscape, through various aspects and approaches. This stems from the processes of deindustrialization or economic restructuring that resulted in varied testimonies, generally abandoned or forgotten and whose protection has been slow and conflicting in view of their vulnerability. Also, in the face of political and economic pressures to reoccupy areas with new developments, in which the agencies protection often does not have decision-making power. Thus, considering the dilemmas and challenges of preserving industrial legacies today, this thesis proposes an analysis of the landscape, based on the industrial material and infrastructure legacy of the municipality of Cubatão-SP, as a way of contributing to the debate on facing the possibilities of preservation and recognition of industrial landscapes. In Cubatão, the formation of industrial heritage is related to the factors of its location as an important connector between the port of Santos and a broader hinterland, since the 17th century, as well as the formation of an industrial center from 1950. Howevwer, the same time these factors allowed a concentration of industrial testimonies of high patrimonial value, they also implied a strong pressure related to the expansion and modernization of the Port of Santos, the transport routes and the pole itself, with the continuous destruction of landmarks of the industrialization of the region and, the erasure of places and memories related to the industrial process. Added to these factors, the environmental issues that stigmatized Cubatão as “Death Valley”, led to a narrative focused on environmental destruction, making it difficult for the residents themselves to identify with the landscape when reacting to the industry. Therefore, we carried out an analysis of the formation of the region's landscape as well as the construction of the resulting environmental narrative; we proceeded to survey the industrial material legacy and the perception that this legacy has in its relationship with the landscape, generally focused on nature and, in an imaginative perception, of what one wants to see, and not in reality and, also, in affective memories from places of working life. It was found that the challenges of preserving industrial testimonies in the region go beyond local issues and are placed on a territorial scale, where new conditions for valuing industrial legacies or their preservation can be considered both for active testimonies and for those abandoned or forgotten. or even, places of historical importance related to industrialization, from the recognition of the different landscapes that are related there or are a result of the regional industrialization process, but not yet understood in the cultural perspective or in the field of cultural heritage.

This thesis faces the challenge of studying Acrópole magazine as a documentary source to build graphic supports for data visualization, developing new strategies to study Brazilian architecture. By exploiting the immense information content of Acrópole magazine with digital technologies, it is possible to overcome the usual way of using and leafing through the magazine. This Thesis proposes approximations between the field of architecture and current technologies. Browsing and tracking are complementary actions in this research in which Acrópole was taken as a support to use digital tools such as Notion, Google Earth, Palladio, RAWGraphs, Flourish and LookerStudio in order to generate graphic supports for data visualization and dashboards. From the indexing of the content and works of all editions of the magazine and the deepening of the 24 magazines selected by Eduardo Corona in the last edition, it is possible to extract quantitative information and generate qualitative data, taking this digitized content to build new layers of information not text about architecture and about the magazine itself. Exploring the content of the Acropolis in this way, the Thesis also integrates with the strategies, studies and research of Digital Humanities, contributing to research on magazines and research on the history of Brazilian architecture.

Planning in higher education is essential for achieving student learning objectives; however, the act of planning involves specific pedagogical knowledge that often isn't part of the teaching repertoire in higher education. This thesis aims to investigate planning and pedagogical knowledge present in the practice of teaching Lighting Design in Architecture and Urban Planning faculties of Brazilian federal universities. It proposes a reflection on the importance of planning that promotes the attainment of university education objectives while facilitating the assimilation and synthesis of knowledge by students. The theoretical framework, based on Zabala's (2007) theory of typologies of learning content, can aid instructional planning in the context of Lighting Design education by considering the need for conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal content. In their teaching plans, instructors can thus incorporate both technical issues and the objectives of university education, especially those related to attitudinal content. The following objectives were identified: establishing theoretical foundations that address pedagogical aspects relevant to higher education; comprehending the international landscape of Lighting Design education; understanding the teaching of Lighting Design in Architecture and Urban Planning courses at Brazilian federal universities, particularly concerning planning; and identifying the didactic-pedagogical resources employed by instructors. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, involving documentary research and field research. Documentary research included a Systematic Literature Review and analysis of primary documents (syllabi, Curriculum Projects, and Course Plans from selected courses). Field research comprised interviews with instructors from selected federal universities. The analyses yielded the following results: (1) substantial alignment between the content taught in lighting-related courses within Brazilian architecture and urban planning programs and globally perceived important content; (2) significant issues in analyzed Curriculum Projects and deficiencies in Course Plans; (3) interviews revealed gaps in instructional planning in terms of alignment with Curriculum Projects, but identified a trend towards didactic-pedagogical approaches fostering a dialogue between theory and practice, contrary to criticisms of technology-focused subjects. Conclusions highlight that various typologies of learning content are typically present in education, even if instructors aren't conscious of it. As an outcome, a Course Plan is presented that integrates different typologies of learning content, considering identified best practices and common features found in analyzed Curriculum Projects. The contributions from this thesis are deemed applicable not only to Lighting Design but also to various fields within Architecture and Urban Planning education.

The research investigates the non-institutional preservation practices of the cultural heritage of the Town of Goiás, up to the first half of the 20th century, focusing on the role of the local population in the construction and maintenance of urban spaces and religious temples, with emphasis on the Cathedral of Santana, the Church of Nossa Senhora da Boa Morte, and the Church of Nossa Senhora do Rosário. The main objective is to examine the motivations and influences of these preservationist practices on the heritage conservation of the city from its beginnings. From this understanding, the possibility of applying these non-institutional preservation practices (direct participation of the population) in the present is observed, as strictly institutional policies and actions alone cannot achieve their goal. The thesis is divided into two parts, analytically addressing each of these aspects, through detailed descriptions, historical contextualization, and investigation of social representations related to each of these objects. A qualitative approach is proposed, based on historical and comparative methods grounded in New Cultural History, using data collected from bibliographic and documentary collections (physical and digital), with emphasis on literary and visual sources. The adoption of Walter Benjamin's Montage methodology is highlighted, exploring abstract analytical categories such as social (and urban) imaginary, social representation, collective memory, collective appropriations, and heritage emotions. The research highlights that, in the urban context, preservation initiatives date back to the early occupations, being linked to the legislation imposed on the location, which held residents responsible for its construction and maintenance. It was also observed that, in the religious context, temples were managed by the hands of the faithful themselves, through brotherhoods, due to the scarcity of clergy and the relative geographical isolation of the region, exacerbated by its significant territorial extension. Different types of popular engagement observed throughout the history of the three chosen temples are emphasized, providing different perspectives on the topic at hand, highlighting the overlap of memories and heritage related to the elite of Goiás, deeply influenced by the Ultramontane movement at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, to the detriment of the material traces left by black communities.

This paper intends to investigate the history and preservation of Oscar Niemeyer's apartment blocks located at SQS 108, the first superquadra to be built in Brasilia, Brazil. These blocks were built by IAPB - Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Bancários - an official agency with previous experience in promoting social housing in the country. The research is mainly based on documentary and iconographic sources from the late 1950s and 1960s, such as magazine articles, newspaper articles, technical drawings, sketches, photos and cinematographic sequences. The material gathered was confronted with several architectural critiques concerning these specific blocks and with their present state of conservation (focused on its pilotis and facades). The work intends to examine to what extent Niemeyer’s blocks associated with SQS 108 urban design, by Nauro Esteves, contribute to the definition of the residential scale in Lucio Costa’s Plano Piloto, since they served as a model for its posterior occupation, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. We understand that even though these buildings are meaningful for the urban-architectural conception of the city and for the Brazilian Modern Movement, their preservation is currently threatened. Thus, this paper intends to take part in the current debate about the significance, valuation, and documentation of superquadra apartment blocks and their relevance for the preservation of Brasília’s residential scale as a whole.

Despite the benefits associated to active commuting to school, traffic is an important risk factor for children. Traffic injuries are one of the principal causes of death of children. Programs such as Safe Routes to School have been associated with an increase of active travel and reducion of accident index. It is important to analyse how these results were achieved and which methods they used to improve road safety. This research aims the study of multiple cases of safe routes to school programs’ methodologies, searching for an cromprehensive understanding of how these results have been achieved. Data were collected through bibliographic and documental research. The data analysis method are within-case and cross-case, comparing the results with the literature review. The internacional programs were confronted with brazilians’ programs. Gaps and potential were identified in brazilian models and directions for a national policy of safe routes to schools were suggested.

Through history, the problems related to the access to appropriate housing in Brazilian cities have never had sufficient answers from the State, as the operator of Urban Planning. Starting from the critical analysis of the discipline’s conformation, which is intrinsically linked to the social relation with land property and domain, it is understood that those limitations are more related to political than technical matters. The brief history of Federal District (DF) in Brazil, owner of a vast amount of land, is full of examples of how the (in)action of State intend to meet the demands of a very specific classist group. With the support of Decolonial Theory, which criticizes modernity and coloniality as expressions of the Eurocentric – limited and oppressive – vision of the world, this work discusses epistemic and action alternatives within Urban Planning. We seek options to housing demands in DF, while territory of the global South. The Community Land Trusts, a model based on collective ownership of land and runed by its dwellers, are an example of breaking some paradigms related to individuals’ relation with the land. They are also innovative in the defense of collective values and in the promotion of land perpetual affordability. Therefore, the CLTs is understood as a ‘counter-hegemonic’ planning instrument. Because of that, we take it as the object of analysis of this dissertation, studying it especially through the experience that seeks initiates it in Rio de Janeiro, where its name has been translated to Termo Territorial Coletivo. The combination of theories, historical data and empirical information allow us to defend the inclusion of the TTC in the list of public housing policies of social interest in the DF in two different ways: as part of the land regularization process, and as an instrument of housing supply on public lands.

The W3 South Avenue has been an important commercial center in Brasília since its opening until 1980, the decade in which the decline of W3 South began – in relation to the importance of the space and the number of people passing and shopping – due to factors such as the expansion of the commerce in the city, creation of shopping malls, space security, number of parking spots, among others. Since the beginning of this slow down process and consequent abandonment of W3 South, it is heard that the avenue lost space and almost did not see people passing through the road, and a reflection of it is perceived by the number of closed stores in this region. Several projects, like the avenue revitalization competition in 2002 and the model project for the requalification of the avenue in 2018, tried to bring an agenda about the need of a avenue revitalization and to adapt the space to improve existing conditions, being implemented on the 2018 requalification project for this purpose. Despite the implementation of the avenue revitalization project, it can be noted that there are still many closed establishments. Based on this assumption, the project aims to analyze which is the real situation of the W3 South Avenue currently, in terms of active and inactive stores, open doors and the direction of these doors, given that the commerce of the avenue, existing to two public avenues, the W3 and W2 South. To the research, a survey of the entire avenue will be carried out to arrive to a precise analysis of whether the doors are closed for reasons of closing establishment or if they face the other public avenue (W2), if the requalification carried out took into account the space current dynamics and if still there is an considerable number of people passing through the avenue.

The process of designing and building curvilinear architectures is still challenging. The use of multiple applications with distinctive design paradigms is unlikely to disappear. The interoperability used here was not just the conventional one. It was also ‘live,’ in ‘realtime’, with two of the applications involved opened and running simultaneously. A design workflow based on the use of form forming applications connected via parametric programming to building information modeling, BIM, was proposed. The main objective was to facilitate designing and building curvilinear architectures and their supporting structures simultaneously using two different design paradigms. The aim of this dissertation was dimensioning metallic structures through interoperability between BIM system and parametric modeling using visual programming. The results consist in a series of algorithms for dimensioning said structures.

Recognizing architecture as a type of mediator of human existence, architecture can be treated as a phenomenon that transforms the human world and everything that constitutes it. In order to understand architectural spaces from the ontological dimension of existing, this work is grounded mainly on Martin Heidegger's theories, based on the link between our experience of being and the space that surrounds us. Supported by an existentialist approach, the objective of this work is to provide a horizon of meaning in which architecture is discussed beyond a purely functional building and, also, beyond just a visual or stylistic object. To this end, we will defend architecture as a work capable of essentially dialoguing with man and the surrounding world, that is, we will approach architecture as an existential spatiality. From the experience of being in conjuncture with things in the perspective of an inhabited world, it is intended to make an analogy between Heidegger’s being-in-the-world and being-in-architecture, paraphrased, in this work, to indicate the human face to its existence in architecture. Man, intertwined with architecture as a co-constituent part of his existential space, is no longer taken as a mere spectator and assumes his position as coexisting-being. The term “coexisting-being” makes explicit the possibility of a fundamental exchange between human existence and architectural spatiality. In better words, there is a dialectical and transformative link between the human being as a coexisting-being and his coexistential architectural space. Seeking to discuss the horizon of meaning opened by the totality of the architectural work and starting from the thought that the coexisting-being assimilates, consciously or not, and dialogues with the space around him, we will approach the architectural design process and some architectural works built by the swiss architect Peter Zumthor. Thus, from the existentialist philosophy of Heidegger and the architectural work of Peter Zumthor, it is intended to point out the dialectical relationship between the coexisting-being and the architectural work, where the compositional totality of the work enables an opening of dialogue with the coexisting-being: a coexistence-existential architecture.

The research here addresses an important musical work of the twentieth century, the album Ambient 1: Music for Airports (1978), by English musician Brian Eno. Building on top of the concept of furniture music [musique d’ameublement] by French composer Erik Satie, Eno proposes, along with the album in question, an Ambient music. One that should be ‘as ignorable as it is interesting’. Interfering in space as to induce a state of calm and thought on listeners, even in confusing places. Eno’s realization is parallel, temporally, with Murray Schafer’s, influential researcher responsible for the development of the term ‘soundscapes’. Schafer understands the soundscape of his time as one filled with noises and lacking silences, by which he elevates the importance of listening, as to better select the sounds that should or not remain in the soundscapes. Here is proposed that Eno’s work, while on a similar context of Schafer’s, admits a different manner as to deal with their problematic soundscape, integrating itself with the sounds and noises of the space, without the need to impose. Eno’s proposal would then be acting in the aesthetic realm of atmospheres, the sensible expression and perception of spaces. One that could be threatened constantly by the practice of functional music like Muzak, that seek to regulate space’s atmospheres, based on premises of efficiency and productivity. This dissertation seeks to avail the qualities of the album Music for Airports, along with the texts of Brian Eno, that extrapolate the boundaries of music, edging closer to an architectural spatial practice, described mainly in terms of sounds, noises, silences and moods.

Sociology, history, architecture, geography and other areas of study that are interested in human relations have developed different approaches to apprehend the interfaces between space and society. Each of these approaches carries its own epistemology, theoretical framework and analysis techniques. Despite the vast diversity, there is a profound convergence between different studies regarding the existence of a spatial dimension of power. To understand this dimension, the present study makes use of Marx's Theory of Labor and Capital, the Theory of Space Syntax, the theory of Pierre Bourdieu and the theory of Milton Santos to propose a particular way in which the accumulation of value and social reproduction functions: the spatial capital. The fundamental objective of the study is to develop a taxonomy capable of capturing the operation of Spatial Capital. To verify its applicability as an analytical resource, a case study was carried out whose object was the socio-spatial conflicts in the Federal District.

Improving the thermal performance of buildings through bioclimatic and sustainable solutions such as the use of green envelopes has been the subject of several studies at an international and national level. In this direction, this work is dedicated to the study of an extensive green roof located in the Liceu Francês building in Brasília – DF, a city characterized as high-altitude tropical climate, with two distinct seasons: hot and humid period: summer; hot and dry period: winter. The methodological procedures are configured in three stages: bibliographic review on green roofs, their state of the art and their typologies, with emphasis on the authors Dunnet and Kingsbury (2004), Saadatian (2013), Castleton and Jafall (2012); Romero (2019) lists design actions and recommendations considering the existence of bioclimatic legislation; rules and regulations were also reviewed that contemplate the use of green roofs, in particular tax incentives and government programs in force on a global, national and local scale; climatic characterization of Brasília and computer simulation methods for vegetated roofs. Sketchup Web version was used in the simulation for classroom modeling and the calculation tool Energy Plus version 22.1.0 for thermal simulations. The sensitivity analysis method is explored with the simulation of the green roof in its current condition and two more scenarios: one that replaces the vegetated roof with fibrocement roof with a natural finish; and finally, a fibrocement roof with the external face painted white. It is concluded that the use of the extensive green roof promotes reductions in thermal loads for cooling when compared to the conventional fiber cement tile typologies and the white painted version. The reductions in thermal loads varied by over 93% (42.5 kWh/m². year). The thermal balance for the period of summer (February) and end of winter (September) was also analyzed for the three types of coverage and evapotranspiration was the parameter that proved to be the most relevant to decrease the cooling demand, being the roof green the best coverage in thermal performance for both periods evaluated.

The research explores the evaluation of urban metabolism methodological tools for urban design and planning in Teresina, the capital of Piauí/Brazil. By assuming that the urban form is a way of interpreting society, it is understood that aspects of urban dynamics can be read through a morphological approach. The objective, based on these premises, is to investigate the association between configurational techniques, analyzed through the Space Syntax perspective (Theory of Social Logic of Space), and metabolic tools, discussed according to the Ecological Footprint, to provide subsidies for a better understanding of the interdependent relationships in human settlements. The approaches are contrasted in layers, intending to comprehend their intersections. For that, a diachronic syntactic analysis of the urban expansion of the settlement is performed, through axial and segment maps, employing topological and geometrical variables. Subsequently, in consolidated sectors within the urban fabric, the Ecological Footprint is calculated based on four axes: electricity, water consumption, solid waste generation, and fossil fuels. The results obtained according to the confrontation between all measures and the dialogue with the approaches allow us to understand the articulations between the morphological/configurational and metabolic layers, reinforcing the role of scale and inter-part relationships between the constituent elements of the city. To a certain extent, the resources consumed and the waste generated by a given population that occupies a sector with its spatial characteristics in a city can, to a certain degree, be inferred according to the spatial characteristics.

Contemporary ergonomics has been challenged to collaborate in different stages of the process to design conception, integrating elements into the project in order to match the user's requirements to the space's characteristics. The methodological approach proposed in ergonomics, the Ergonomic Work Analysis – EWA, of French origin, was built to analyze the work environments, structured in different stages, with the objective of understanding and transforming work situations ensuring safety, health and the comfortof users. However, over time, different studies in ergonomics have demonstrated the usefulness in the process of designing and/or evaluating of projects, as well as in the transformation and adequacy of spaces. The ergonomist's challenges, related to each stage of the project, are to point out the strategic moments of the design process and integrate the requirements of use in a relevant way. The goal of this study is to propose a theoretical reflection on the articulation of the two areas of knowledge - Ergonomics and Architecture, seeking to identify the complementarities and limits of this interface, supported by the analysis of representative models. The authors of the chosen studies were listed due to the recognition of their research with different approaches and their connection with practice, in the context of the process of defining the design needs program, accessibility projects, evaluation of the use and adequacy of spaces. By the examples presented throughout this study, it was possible to illustrate methodological models that integrate the different variables involved in the design project and their feedback processes between the different stages, having as a reference the requirements of the activities to be carried out in the space. In this perspective, by articulating data from the ergonomic methodology with the architectural design process, it allows to identify the categories to collect data based on activities and predictions for the space depending on the project. The structural and, at the same time, articulating character of the activity contributes to the dimensioning of the physical space and the definition of aspects related to the interactions between users and the use of space. The complementary approach of ergonomics, connected to the study through different instruments, allows the comparison of data, supported by the principle of interdisciplinarity, the diversity of variables and the multiplicity of actions. The distinction of the ergonomic analysis approach, in terms of procedures and methodological concepts, highlights the interfaces of ergonomics and architecture

This thesis consists of an analysis of the relationship between morphology and vitality in functional centralities, measured by the patterns (features and relations) and flow of people movement (correlations) existing in public spaces. As a condition, the research considers the examination of planned centers in Brazilian cities, product of an orderly planning, choosing as object of study the city of Goiânia and its functional centers located in the central zone of the capital. The study presents a methodological proposal based mainly on the theoretical, methodological and tool aspects of the Theory of the Social Logic of Space or Space Syntax, in order to understand how society can be read through space and enable the evaluation of the urban system at different levels (Global and Local). However, other approaches pointed out in the literature review beyond Syntax are added, necessary for the understanding of the complexity that shapes the dynamics of public life in the centers. In this way, the applied methodology is constituted by 11 variables - which embrace configurational and non-configurational, geometric and topological categories - distributed by the structuring axes of the research "Morphological Patterns, Spatial Configuration and Urban Vitality". The thesis adopts the following research questions: 1) In what way does the orderly planning, through the reproduction of patterns in the urban system, affect the vitality of planned functional centers?; 2) What are the main variables that correlate with the vitality of planned functional centers considering centralities with different urban design patterns? and; 3) Do the patterns that promote the flow of people's movement work in a similar way for planned functional centers with regular layouts, regardless of whether they present simple or complex ("organic") geometric designs? These questions led to the formation of the hypothesis that orderly planning, as occurred in "planned" Brazilian cities like Goiânia, compromised the vitality of its planned functional centers, by simplifying the complex relationships that promote centralities in urban structures. The results solidify the role of orderly planning, from the reproduction of patterns, as a strategy that affects urban vitality, especially in functional centralities. That is because planning, by reproducing models that use simplified patterns and that reduce the necessary connections that make up the urban system, brings damage to the movement of pedestrians, reducing the flow of people on the streets, triggering processes of degradation of public spaces, especially in city centers.

Cities modify the local climate by creating a distinct condition defined as an urban climate but are also impacted locally by regional andglobal climate change. Therefore, it should be the focus of the urban architect's work. The transformations in urbanization patterns andtheir interactions with the urban climate lack data production to describe the urban fabric and capture different climate responses.Based on this aspect, the main objective of this research was to relate the spatial structure of local climatic zones (LCZs) of the urbanmacrozone with surface temperature, vegetation, and humidity indices in the climatic context of the Federal District. It was also aimedat disseminating spatialized information on urban heating in order to support urban architects and planners in making decisions aboutclimate-sensitive projects. For a view of the scale of the city, a method is proposed from Landsat 8 satellite imagery data to generatethe classification of local climatic zones following the WUDAPT method. Data from the same satellite will be used to characterizevegetation (EVI index) and surface temperature in hot-dry and hot-humid periods. The final integration of the spectral and spatial dataobtained was performed by zonal statistics in the QGis program. Statistical analyses of data distribution, correlation, and rank of postsalso evaluated whether the delineation of the LCZs resulted in different spectral values between the classes. Finally, an exploratoryanalysis of spatial data was performed to identify patterns and interdependence between variables of a data set. It was observed thatthe surface temperature is higher with spatially varied responses in urban classes, especially where there is less healthy vegetation andlower moisture content in the vegetation. The characteristics are heterogeneous and present regions with spatial dependence, beingmore evident in the rainy season. Evidence shows that the classification of LCZs can be used as a tool to monitor and promote ahierarchy of areas to be prioritized in the implementation of mitigation strategies for urban warming.

Water conservation has become an essential component of water resource management in the current uncertain water availability scenario. A detailed understanding of water end-uses in health care facilities paves the way for greater accuracy in evaluating different water conservation strategies, sizing building systems, forecasting urban demand and, consequently, in creating public policies aimed at water conservation. However, it is essential to know the implementation costs, environmental and financial benefits of each strategy in order to implement water conservation programs. It is the responsibility of the Secretary of Health to technically and financially support the municipalities, elaborate actions, and implement public management policies that can favor the reduction of the exploitation of water resources. Based on these premises, the objective of this research was to identify feasible solutions in terms of costs and environmental and financial benefits promoted by the implementation of water conservation strategies in healthcare facilities. The method outlined made use of different water consumption auditing techniques to generate indicators of building consumption, sectoral consumption, water end-uses, financial indicators, and a forecast model of urban water demand by type of healthcare facility. The statistically analyzed data were essential for the composition of representative models and identification of environmental and financial benefits, at the building and urban scale, with the use of water-saving equipment, rainwater harvesting systems and greywater reuse systems. The feasible solutions were evaluated by type of establishment and guidelines for strategic planning were determined. We obtained indicators of building water consumption for basic health units, UBS (31.74 l/p/d and 3.80 l/m²/d), emergency care units, UPA (33.63 l/p/d, 6.70 l/m²/d and 411.56 l/bed/d) and hospitals (79.56 l/p/d; 9.40 l/m²/d and 671.51 l/bed/d). The toilet bowls presented the highest consumption by end use, resulting in indicators for UBS (15.9 l/p/d), UPA (14 l/p/d) and hospital (12.4 l/p/d). Results identified that the use of water-saving equipment in basic health units, emergency care units, and rainwater harvesting systems for hospitals presented themselves as viable solutions for the conservation of drinking water and reduction of the exploitation of water resources. The potential for water consumption reduction can reach 74% in UBS, 28% in UPA and 24% in hospitals. Water savings at the building scale can reach 402 m³/year (UBS), 755 m³/year (UPA) and 9,899 m³/year (hospital). At the urban scale, 95,003 m³/year, 7,039 m³/year, and 267,712 m³/year, respectively. The financial savings obtained at the building scale can reach R$ 2,588 (R$/m³/year) (UBS), R$ 4,805 (R$/m³/year) (UPA) and R$ 62,828 (R$/m³/year) (hospital). On the urban scale, R$ 611,707 (R$/m³/year), R$ 44,823 (R$/m³/year) and 1,699,178 (R$/m³/year), respectively. Actions to promote water conservation in health care facilities in the Federal District will generate environmental benefits of 369,754 m³/year and financial benefits of R$ 2,355,708.90/year. Thus, the guidelines proposed for the implementation of viable strategies can be used by the Federal District's Health Secretariat with a view to sustainable development and preservation of water resources.

The thesis evaluates the relationship between the public transport subsidy and the access to the city for individuals residing in cities, spaces where inequalities constitute one of the main challenges in the public agenda. The central problem consists of the unequal access to public transport between different groups in society, and how this difference impacts on the form of appropriation of the city. Transport is understood as a mean of expanding individual’s freedoms, according to SEN's Capability Approach (2018). It is assumed that public transport subsidy policies have an impact on increasing commuting time for the lower-income population, in their housing location decision and in the conditions of their rights. That said, the central hypothesis of this thesis is that the State, through a public transport subsidy policy, interferes in the individual capacity set, expanding their freedoms by stablishing a value that can be used to travel to the work and, as an externality, increases the income of their families. The methodology was structured by an interescale perspective – firstly analyzing metropolitan spaces and, subsequently, turning to the intra-urban scale case of Brasília. The analysis observes the process of evaluation the distinct capacity, complemented, to a certain extent, by the supplementary approach, as indicated by SEN (2018). The income together with the type of employment relationship are considered as in a complementary way to the analysis driven. Mobility capacity is defined by the combination of two layers: the Individual Resources and the Context Factors – encompassing aspects intrinsic to individuals as well as to the urban environment. In general, regardless of the scale of analysis, whether metropolitan or local, the subsidy for commuting proved to be an important element in expanding individual freedoms, as those who use the transport voucher ended up having a longer commute time when compared to workers who do not have the benefit, for the same income group. This greater displacement expands the opportunities for interaction between other dimensions of the training set, implying broader access to the city, regarding to the services and public amenities present in the more central regions.