The society forged from new technological increments resulting from innovation, seeks to realign old economic relations and establish new ways of living in the emerging pattern made available by technologies. Such innovations have transformed society into a strongly globalized and connected collectivity in several ways. This change has occurred even in rural areas. However, this new social configuration is faced with an issue that involves present and future generations: climate change. Several studies show that this phenomenon affects the entire planet, indistinctly, causing socio-environmental impacts, among which stand out: atmospheric pollution, water and rain cycles, soil degradation, among others. This set of changes affects the quality of life of human beings and of all the species that interconnect in the web of life. The agricultural sector, due to its characteristics and sensitivity to climate, is dependent on and vulnerable to climate change.  During the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP-15), Brazil voluntarily committed to reduce from 36.1% to 38.9% the GHG emissions projected for 2020. For the agricultural sector, it was established the constitution of the "Plan for the consolidation of a low carbon economy in agriculture". As one of the public policies for environmental protection and conservation, the ABC Plan was implemented between 2010 and 2020, aiming at the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG).  The present work aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the ABC Plan, especially the ABC Cerrado Project (2016-2019), and the actions related to the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Cerrado Biome. For this, the exploratory and qualitative method was used, through bibliographic research, documents available in official bodies and entities involved in the Project. From secondary data, it was found that the main results of the ABC Plan, presented in technical studies (which measure emission factors and GHG removal by agriculture and livestock) confirm the possibility of neutralization, but are not conclusive about the deadline for mitigation to occur; It could be found that there was a lack of transparency and publicity, especially during the management of the Bolsonaro government, since there is no publication related to the results of the ABC Plan. Regarding the results of the ABC Cerrado Project: there was recovery of degraded pastures and an increase in agricultural and cattle raising productivity, but there are no GHG mitigation results.  From the analysis of the available data, this work intended to contribute to the improvement of policies related to the ABC Plan and to the construction of new public policies for the agricultural segment in Brazil. 

This is a case study on the Indigenous Environmentalist Collective of Action for Nature, Agroecology and Sustainability, CAIANAS, from the Terena People, from the Cachoeirinha Indigenous Land, located in the city of Miranda, in Mato Grosso do Sul. The disputes present in the Mato Grosso do Sul regional context are not reduced to environmental or ethnic conflicts, but to ontological conflicts: modern science, progress, development, agribusiness, among other expressions that make up the modern ontology, are manifestations of power whose premisses define what is real, what can exist and what is expendable. It is therefore necessary to suspend the foundations of modern ontology that are intended to be universal and universalizing, such as, for example, the distinction between nature and culture, and to admit that the modern world is (un)supported at the expense of other possible worlds, of other worlds that already exist. Based on the theoretical-methodological contributions of Relational Ontologies, this study seeks to establish a cosmopolitical dialogue with the Terena People, debating our conditions and collective capacities to think of other ways of inhabiting the Earth and face changes in climate conditions and environments in the contexto of the Anthropocene. To this end, the research addresses the historical conjectures and the genesis processes of CAIANAS and the connections between the concept of Terena Ethnoagroecology in dialogue with other knowledges.

The objective of this dissertation was to analyze the Wai Wai's socioeconomic power, promoted mainly by the commercialization of Brazil nuts, seeking to understand the relationship between income generation and development motivated by the economy of sociobiodiversity. With the advancement of the discussion for a forest economy that values traditional peoples and communities and promotes the conservation of biodiversity, the market and the State are increasingly injecting resources into sustainable businesses. The dissertation presents itself as a reflective exercise on the modes of existence of these people and their relationship with income generation and development prospects. With regard to methodological instruments, the study includes bibliographic research, documentary research, primary data collection and secondary data collection, with primary data collected from semi-structured interviews.

In order to analyze the repercussions of the Interdisciplinary Degree in Educação do Campo at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua - RJ, this paper is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, we critically describe the historical context of the municipality in question. Based on quantitative aspects, mainly statistical data, and qualitative data, bibliographies, and other documents that characterize the municipality and the Northwestern Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, we can see the contradictions that shape the organization of local social life. In the second chapter, we delve into theoretical aspects that help us understand the Educação do Campo movement. In this part of the work, we dedicate ourselves to understand rural education as a counter-hegemonic proposal. To do so, we discuss the State matrix that dialogues with its proposal, its materiality based on social movements and, finally, its form and content, emphasizing the structuring triad field-public policies-education. In the third chapter, the moment in which we actually analyze the course in question, we use semi-structured interviews with professors, students and graduates as a data collection method. The treatment of the data was carried out based on content analysis, through the description and systematization of the speeches, allowing us to create an inference from the meaning of the words and the interrelations between the different subjects present in the research. From this, it was possible to understand that the course has been structured from a formative political dimension that values the commitment to the rural popular classes. Moreover, we identified interventions made by the research subjects on the Paduan reality, mainly through the Tempo Comunidade, in order to transform it. This has shown that the repercussions that this degree has promoted in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua were mediated through the formation of organic intellectuals, that is, intellectuals willing to organize the wills and actions of their class. However, the course still lacks infrastructure, which causes instability in the number of students, besides suffering from the country's political conjuncture that does not favor the advancement of popular policies. This means that, even though the course is extremely important for the region, it still lacks a consolidation that will only come through the collective struggle of the popular classes.

The Rural Environmental Registry (CAR - Cadastro Ambiental Rural) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA - Programa de Regularização Ambiental) are instruments included in the legislation accounting for updating the Forestry Code (Law n. 12.651 / 2012). These mechanisms were created to systematize and consolidate environmental information about rural properties to help public managers to both understand and plan actions focused on monitoring and fighting deforestation countrywide. The aim of the current research is to address advancements and obstacles associated with CAR and PRA, mainly in Luziânia County/GO. In order to do so, assumptions established in the main Brazilian environmental legislation, mainly in the Forestry Code, were taken into consideration. An overview of the implementation and execution of these instruments in different Brazilian states was prepared based on secondary data. It was done to identify the advancements and difficulties faced by public managers in CAR and PRA execution, inspection and monitoring at federal scope, in Goiás State and in Luziânia County. More specifically, a survey was carried out to help better understand the main difficulties faced by rural producers from Luziânia County/GO in the process to register, monitor and execute CAR, as well as how this process has been implemented. The aforementioned diagnosis takes into consideration four groups of actors involved in this process, namely: rural producers; technicians in charge of the processes; federal, state and municipal managers; and representatives of both the real estate registry office and the SICOOB bank (from Luziânia County). The research methodology was based on using primary data, such as the preparation and application of questionnaires and interviews (applied through tools, such as Google Forms and Google Meet), as well as on secondary data collected through bibliographical survey, and on official data provided by SICAR, IBGE, MMA and MAPA. Among the main findings, one finds the fact that CAR implementation enhances and shines light on the environmental information of rural properties, and it can help effectively managing the national territory. São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará were the states mostly advanced in concluding the environmental regularity analysis. On the other hand, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Sergipe and Piauí were the states recording the longest delays. This scenario has evidenced some difficulties in different federative entities, with emphasis on the lengthy way the analysis processes have been conducted, due to financial, human and technological limitations experienced by environmental agencies. Another critical point refers to the credibility of information provided through CAR’s registration process. Similarly, rural producers’ low adherence to monitoring the Owner’s Center (Central do Proprietário) leads to process delay and downtime. The following actions stood out among those capable of clearing the process: CAR analysis decentralization to accredited municipalities; environmental data integration among different federative entities; mandatory CAR preparation by a qualified professional accounting for issuing the Technical Responsibility Term (ART - Anotação de Responsabilidade Técnica); and the integration of data from the Rural Environmental Registration System (SICAR - Sistema de Cadastro Ambiental Rural) to the environmental licensing system and to INCRA’s Land Management System (SIGEF - Sistema de Gestão Fundiária). Based on the current results, it is possible suggesting that the federal, state and municipal governments should remedy the herein identified shortcomings to meet the goals underlying the development of these instruments within the Forestry Code scope. Universidade de Brasília Programa d

The Federal Constitution of 1988 advocates the relevance of the social function of land and, despite the numerous setbacks in public policies in recent years, Brazil remains a signatory to several international treaties that ensure a consolidated path with regard to the maintenance of guarantees of human rights, including the ones relationed to land. Analysing the country's relevance of these commitments related to land, as well as the other commitments present in the legal framework, also the impacts of agribusiness and deforestation in the Cerrado biome, besides the increase of conflicts in the countryside, the main objective of this work is to study whether it is possible to identify a causal correlation between good land governance and socio-environmental development. In this sense, regarding its objectives, this research is descriptive, as it aims to describe some phenomena that comes from land governance on socio-environmental characteristics present in the municipalities of the state of Tocantins. In that case, the intention is to characterize the land status of the municipalities in the state of Tocantins from the analysis of the INCRA land collection, classify them in the spectrum of good and weak land governance, based on the crossing of cadastral databases of rural properties (SNCR, CAR and Agricultural Census), discuss the concepts of development, territory and social well-being, rank the municipalities based on the insertion of the results of points “a” and “b” considering the results of the Index ranking of Social Progress Amazonia of the Social Progress Imperative – SPI and then classify the municipalities in the spectrum of weak land governance.

The invisibilization of race issues in rural areas expands when analyzing the reality of black peasant women and their roles in maintaining agrobiodiversity, especially at the  intersection of gender, race, and class. This dissertation examines and identifies the actions of black peasant women from the Pequeno Willian settlement, located in Planaltina - DF, in agrobiodiversity management within their territories, relating them to their ancestral heritage. The specific objectives consist of: 1) Reflecting with black peasant women on the narratives of their life stories, acknowledging their experiences; and 2) Mapping the practices related to agrobiodiversity developed by black peasant women in their territories, observing the connections between such practices, knowledge, and memories. The research addresses the elements of ancestry, memories, and agrobiodiversity from an intersectional perspective, engaging with the thoughts of black intellectuals to effectively analyze the specificities among black peasant women in agrobiodiversity management. The methodological approach is based on the life writings of three black women from the Pequeno Willian settlement, highlighting how gender, race, and class markers influence their life trajectories and the knowledge they produce in their territories. To construct life writings, the following instruments are used: semi-structured interviews, field notes, turban workshops, and photographic records. The results of the analysis of the interlocutors' narratives highlighted the remarkable actions of black women in agrobiodiversity management, as well as their connections to their ethnic-racial identities and ancestral heritage. It shows that their systems and practices promote a new perspective in relation to agrobiodiversity, establishing significant connections between their agrobiodiversity practices and ancestral knowledge in their peasant black territories. These ancestral knowledge systems are fundamental as forms of resistance in the maintenance and production of healthy food, establishing an intimate relationship with the territory of struggle. Through stories interwoven by the intersections of the structure, black women from the Pequeno William settlement highlight their battles and resistances, narratives that are often little addressed in the Brazilian rural context. The dissertation contributes through the voices and looks of black women to the breaking of invisibility and anonymity from the resistances woven by them, presenting a genuine perspective of the rural environment under the eyes of these black peasant women.

This dissertation, based on Agroecology theory, sought to understand and systematize, through field research analysis, the experience of such principles and foundations in Kalunga production, developed by families in the Vão do Moleque - Maiadinha nucleus, from the perspective that the Kalungas hold ancestral practices and are therefore heirs to the agroecological matrix. Considering that the science of Agroecology recognizes traditional knowledge, locally adapted cultivation techniques, sustainable management of natural resources, sociocultural dimensions, and the use of plant varieties, a qualitative methodological approach was used, including and a case study with semi-structured interviews conducted during field research. The aim was to obtain information about production, Kalunga knowledge and practices, and possible connections with agroecology. The research sample consisted of 23 family members out of a total of 80 members in the Maiadinha nucleus. It was observed that the community maintains traditional knowledge in agricultural practices, and that farming is a significant dimension for these people, generating production for selfconsumption while preserving knowledge and practices consistent with agroecology. Additionally, it was noted that public policies beyond income distribution, such as Bolsa Família (Family Allowance) and retirement benefits, are necessary. However, it is crucial to implement other public policies to address the specific demands of peasant agriculture. This includes providing appropriate machinery and tools that consider the socioeconomic and technical characteristics of farmers. Furthermore, it is important to implement production processing policies to facilitate commercialization and establish support networks for agricultural surplus distribution. These measures aim to improve the living conditions of the communities involved. Another relevant aspect is the need for specialized technical assistance in peasant agriculture, with a focus on agroecology. This approach aims to prevent excessive use of pesticides and transgenic seeds, which are concerns in this agricultural modality. The availability of adequate technical assistance, focused on agroecology, can promote sustainable agricultural practices, preserve biodiversity, improve the health of farmers and consumers, and strengthen the resilience of agricultural production systems. The community scenario reveals significant dimensions in terms of production and culture, from the perspective of agroecology. Agroecology, rooted in humanity's ancestral heritage, points towards a sustainable rural project where the ethics of caring for all forms of life are preserved. This approach not only addresses the needs of the present generation but also ensures that future generations benefit from a healthy and productive environment. It is a long-term commitment to sustainability, valuing the preservation of biological, cultural, and social diversity. Thus, agroecology establishes the foundation for an agricultural system that respects and protects all manifestations of life, promoting harmony between humans and the environment.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the contributions from the praxis of Rural Education graduates from Federal University of Piauí, campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, to agroecology territorialization and to reinforce the peasant life style in Bom Jesus mesoregion, Southern Piauí State. From the viewpoint of different inv estigation panels, we understand that agroecology is a science, a practice and a movement, and it can be added to different contexts within the academic practice. We have focused on how peasant territorialization takes place according to both agroecology and Rural Education through graduates’ praxis. After understanding the epistemological praxis of graduates, in compliance with Rural Education and agroecology, we adopted the theory of knowledge, which is supported by the Marxist thinking, to assess the Historical-Dialectic Materialism categories, such as territoriality, materialism, dialectic and contradiction. Research theoretical fundamentals were divided into four parts: 1 – introduction, which was presented through a memorial that has described my speech place and interest in the topic, as well as the research context, its justification and methodology; 2 – featuring the theoretical concepts of territory, peasantry and the agrarian matter, from the viewpoint of Piauí State’s cerrado; 3 – discussion aboutthe matopiba project and its socioenvironmental impact, evidence of conflicts, and the impacts and challenges posed by the agribusiness to the reproduction of the peasant life style, with emphasis on the role of movements, unions, networks and organizations to face and resist violations to the rights of rural peoples in Southern Piauí State; 4 – dialogue about agroecology and Rural Education to tell the story of their construction and expansion as public policy, by associating them to the construction of counter-hegemonic political practices. We specifically showed how agroecology is found in the praxis of graduates in the Rural Education course of UFPI/CPCE. With respect to its methodology, the research followed the qualitative participatory design, based on using procedures, such as field research, semi-structured interviews and conversation rounds. Data analysis was based on dense description of reality, according to comparative analysis (data triangulation after the interviews) between Rural Education knowledge and agroecological practices developed by the herein addressed graduates, based on the descriptive/interpretive method, which was adopted to unfold subjects’ voices and experiences, at the democratic sphere. Research corpus included the time period from 2014 to 2021 as time frame. This time lapse was analyzed based on agroecology and peasant life style reinforcement, in Bom Jesus mesoregion. Thanks to the reconfiguration of the courses’ formation matrix, it started to conceive art and agroecology as formative principles substantiated by the epistemology of praxis, from the second semester of 2017. These elements embody the unicity between theory and practice, which potentiates students’ self-organization and allows a closer approximation to peasant communities and the construction of students’ new extension profile through a crosssectional and dialogic way. According to testimonies by the interviewed graduates, these new profile ensured the continuity of their bond to their higher education institution and to their communities, even after their graduation. However, the challenge posed by the research refers to thinking about ways to interfere with, and achieve, public policies able to ensure the continuous qualification of graduates who work in basic education schools, so that they can be sensitized with the possibility of promoting activities and projects that corroborate the transformation of the current school profile through agroecology. Thus, it is imperative for us to have a discipline matrix integrated to the formative Rural Education concept to allow us to dialogue with its principles and formative matrices.

The pandemic of the new Coronavirus (covid-19) has affected the activities of family farmers in Brazil and other regions of the global south. The sanitary barriers necessary for the containment and control of covid-19 directly affected logistics, food distribution, and the commercialization of the production of this branch of the economy. Many public policies to strengthen family farming were drastically affected. In most situations, the local market is the main source of demand for the commercialization of their agricultural production and, consequently, their income generation. In the meantime, the governmental agenda has advanced significantly for the hatching of public policies that would guarantee rights and possibilities of designing a new reality for rural women, the PAA and several other public policies have been made unfeasible by the budget reduction, such as the National Family Agriculture Program (PRONAF) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), aggravating even more the vulnerability picture of peasant populations. It is around the whole context mentioned above that this research seeks to evaluate the consequences of covid-19 in the lives of women farmers supplying the Food Purchase Program (PAA) in the municipality of Dianópolis (TO) before and after the covid-19 pandemic.

Peasant family farming plays a key role in the production of quality food and the sustainable use of natural resources in Planalto Santareno. From the end of the 1990s, the advance of the agricultural frontier in the Amazon placed the Plateau as a territory of expansion and productive epicenter of monocultures in the region, with private investments and support from federal, state and municipal public authorities, threatening peasant family productive practices. Taking into account the confrontation of rationalities in food production, on the one hand, based on soy, which is a commoditized agriculture, and on the other, by the historical cultivation of peasant family agriculture, this dissertation discusses the main challenges and perspectives of peasant family agriculture in Planalto Santareno, especially due to threats from the expansion of agricultural monoculture. The research, using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, is composed of document analysis, field research, analysis of primary data from the Odisseia Project, and geoprocessing techniques. It was complemented with semi-structured interviews and secondary data surveys. The soy business advances considerably in the Planalto Santareno, causing transformations in the spaces of social reproduction and in the productive systems of peasant family farmers, and, directly or indirectly, the State is most responsible for the territorial reconfiguration to support (credit, assistance technique, research) and to encourage the expansion of monoculture agribusiness in the municipalities in the Planalto. The research identified that soy is the main product financed by PRONAF, but peasant family agriculture, which has little or no access to credit, is forced to adapt in order to survive. The main difficulties and consequences are related to spraying (chemical contamination) and the migration of pests (biological contamination) to the plantations of peasant family farmers, compromising or destroying “traditional” production. The reports also highlighted the lack of support and investment by the government in the construction and conservation of roads, health centers and schools, generating claims and demands for restructuring of PRONAF, with real conditions of access to credit, and public policies to support farmers. peasant family members.

Gastronomy is undoubtedly an integral and fundamental part of the food production chain, from production, distribution, marketing and consumption. The hegemonic agrifood system, in turn, subordinated to the power of capital, is associated with mechanisms of social, environmental and economic domination. In this way, it is essential for gastronomes, at the time of their academic training, to be equipped with knowledge about the power relations that the hegemonic agri-food system produces, as well as to be able to understand other agri-food systems with more diverse and fair socio-environmental characteristics. It is in this scenario that the present research proposes to investigate how the themes related to the agri-food system (hegemonic and counterhegemonic) are inserted in the context of the training of gastronomy professionals in the Federal District, from the analysis of the Pedagogical Projects of the Courses (PPC) of public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the understanding of the respective faculty and students about training in gastronomy and its relations with the agri-food system and the issues that surround it. The results obtained in the research indicate that Private HEIs do not offer comprehensive mechanisms for a consistent and structuring debate on the topics addressed (giving more emphasis to content aimed at the labor market), while Public HEIs seek to offer this knowledge, in a more accentuated way. , as evidenced by more concrete evidence. It is also possible to ensure that there is a pedagogical and social demand for gastronomy courses to better promote socio-environmental themes, since the absolute majority of students and professors of the analyzed HEIs consider important the insertion and/or expansion of guidelines on agrifood systems and agroecology in the courses under analysis. It is therefore necessary to balance the structuring, pedagogical and methodological dimensions of gastronomy courses between professional qualification and scientific, reflective and active development.

This research focused on the theme of environmental conservation in conciliation with the appreciation of cultural diversity, having as a case study the Trail of Cora Coralina, in an area of the APA Serra dos Pireneus, in the cities of Cocalzinho de Goiás, Corumbá de Goiás and Pirenópolis, in the state of Goiás. The research, of a quali-quantitative nature, adopted, as its methodology, instruments to record the study area, the survey of socio-historical, cultural and environmental aspects, the exploratory research and the realization of the trail (hiking) with the capture of images, annotations and field observations, the holding of interviews with audio recording, in addition to the recording of the techniques adopted in the preparation of maps for analysis of the conditions of formation of an ecological corridor on the path. The interview reports were interpreted in order to meet the research objective of analyzing the contributions of rural landowners of the Caminho de Cora Coralina for the environmental conservation of the Cerrado, especially for the formation of corridors, and the dialogues with cultural elements present on the path. The analysis of the strategies and articulations promoted in the rural properties for the conservation of the Cerrado and the cultural valorization of the Camino consisted in organizing the reports and regrouping the textual elements according to common characteristics, divided into categories: environmental education; private natural heritage reserve; ecological corridors and strengthening of protected areas; agro-ecology; preservation of historical and natural sites; traditional knowledge and skills; and, finally, the strengthening of networks and political participation on the Camino. The results show that the initiative of landscape connectivity in the Cora Coralina's Path, interconnecting natural, historical and cultural elements, through the union of efforts and in a collaborative way, between the state and the civil society, represents a significant strategy for the conservation of the Cerrado, besides being an important tool in the promotion of environmental awareness, creation of private natural reserves, historical and cultural appreciation, and sustainability in the rural environment. However, the research pointed to the need for continuous improvement in the governance of the path, in order to promote greater integration, encouragement and mutual support among the players involved and to expand programs aimed at raising awareness and providing incentives for the conservation and recovery of the Cerrado biome and the appreciation of its naturais, historical and cultural heritage.

Agricultural production has been the basis of food in the Kalunga Historic Site and Cultural Heritage (SHPCK) since the formation of the Quilombos. However, factors such as climate change and the introduction of processed foods have devalued the food habits of the Kalunga people. This work aims to identify, quantify and analyze the agricultural production of families living in 21 communities, distributed in the municipalities of Cavalcante, Monte Alegre and Teresina de Goiás that make up the SHPCK and identify strategies for conservation and management of agrobiodiversity and the relationship of this production to food sovereignty and security in the community Vão do Moleque in Cavalcante. To characterize the agricultural production, data collected in 2019 by the Association Quilombo Kalunga (AQK) were analyzed through the application of household questionnaires to 902 families residing in SHPCK. From this analysis, 10 farmers who live and cultivate agroecosystems in the community of Vão do Moleque were selected to analyze the strategies for the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity, the data were collected from participant observation, with conducting home interviews and applying a semi-structured questionnaire. The results of the research showed that 87% of the families manage condiment, aromatic, or food plants, such as fruit and vegetables in their backyards, 55% cultivate agro-ecosystems (field crops), 42% raise cattle, 16% raise pigs, 75% raise free-range chickens, 2% raise fish in dams, and less than 1% raise goats, sheep, and bees. This diversity in production combined with traditional management practices, passed on from generation to generation, allows farmers to have a more nutritious and healthy diet, contributing to the conservation of agrobiodiversity, food sovereignty and security for Kalunga people.