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Disertaciones |
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1
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Marcos Vinicius Rezende de Ataide
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USE OF DRONES TO IDENTIFY THE DOMINANCE OF INVASIVE GRASSES AND NATIVE VEGETATION IN CERRADO RESTORATION AREAS
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Líder : DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDRE BONESSO SAMPAIO
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DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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JOSE FELIPE RIBEIRO
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Data: 25-ene-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The ecological restoration of open ecosystems, especially in tropical regions, faces the primary challenge of competition between invasive exotic grass species and native species. Monitoring these open restoration environments is essential for identifying successional trajectories and implementing control actions against invasive species. Currently, field surveys to monitor undesirable vegetation in restoration areas have been questioned for providing limited approximations of the extent of invaded areas. In this context, advances in remote sensing for vegetation monitoring and analysis gain prominence in spatially representative information with a better cost/benefit implementation. Using drone images, various combined analyses utilized as inputs in machine learning algorithms demonstrate increasing effectiveness in the classification and distinction of targets, such as exotic grasses in open ecosystems. In this scenario, this study aimed to discriminate invasive exotic grass species from native species in restoration areas, based on drone image classification using machine learning techniques. The study also sought to predict the vegetation cover of invasive exotic grasses based on spectral response, characterizing the dominance of each species and analyzing at the species level the factors that contributed to differentiate them. The main hypothesis of these objectives is that spectral variations related to the biophysical and biochemical characteristics of plants can distinguish invasive and native grasses, as well as predict the vegetation cover of these species. The study was conducted in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park in 40 plots of 20m x 1m. Vegetation cover samplings were conducted in the field, and flights with a DJI Phantom 4 Pro multispectral drone were performed for image acquisition. Image classification used the Random Forest (RF) algorithm followed by the stepwise method. For entry into the RF model, a name was assigned to each plot according to the dominant species in the area identified by the cover analysis found in the field, considering that greater than 40% in each plot. The variables used for model construction were the canopy height model (CHM), vegetation indices, and texture metrics, which were overlaid, generating array layers. In each array, 50 points were randomly plotted for value sampling, which was subdivided into training (80%) and validation (20%) to be used in the Random Forest classification algorithms. For vegetation cover prediction, Random Forest regression was used. The decision tree was built with the Random Forest classification model and CART for a visual representation of distinctive characteristics between species. The models, for each objective, showed considerable accuracies, exceeding 0.6 in both algorithms. The analysis of importance variables revealed a strong connection between spectral response variation and differences in leaf architecture and photosynthetic pigments. This was evidenced by the spectral responses of the most performant vegetation indices (GCI, NDVI, RED, BLUE), ranging from the visible to near-infrared region. In summary, the models demonstrated solid performance, with consistently high accuracies. The use of variables derived from multispectral drone images shows promise for distinguishing invasive and native species, predicting the cover of invasive exotic species, and providing a visual interpretation of specific characteristics that differentiate species in ecologically restored environments in fields and savannas.
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2
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JÉSSICA CHAMUSCA ALVES DIAS
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Soil compaction and organic carbon stock in the soils of silvipastoral systems (SP) and undisturbed Cerrado
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Líder : ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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CARLOS MOREIRA MIQUELINO ELETO TORRES
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ANDERSON CÁSSIO SEVILHA
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Data: 11-mar-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This dissertation aims to investigate soil compaction and the organic carbon stock (C org) in the soils of autochthonous silvo-pastoral systems (SPs) in the Cerrado Native in the strict sense. The case study consisted of three land use systems: a SP with the continuous insertion of cattle over the years at a low stocking rate, another autochthonous silvo-pastoral system with a fallow period of two years and six months, and a control area with no management, native Cerrado with no disturbances. The soil was analyzed to a depth of one meter for: bulk density, porosity, moisture and C-org, the latter in the soil and in the organic residues on the top of the soil. An increase in bulk density was observed at a depth of 0 to 20 centimeters in the continuous silvo pastoral systems compared to the native Cerrado. Thus, there was an increase in soil compaction in this layer. The insertion of cattle into the native cerrado did not cause differences in the C-org content and stock found up to one meter deep, only differences in the C-org stock in the 20 to 40 centimeters layer and in the organic residue layer. However, due to the short time span of the data analyzed, it is not possible to understand that it is possible to stablish that the insertion of cattle at a low stocking rate in the native cerrado in the restricted sense would not cause a decrease in C-org stock over the years. Although, the results indicate that inserting cattle at a low stocking rate in the cerrado in the restricted sense would cause compaction in the soil over the years that could reach. a non-functional parameter.
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3
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Carolina Souza Dias Guyot
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TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES AND THE CONSERVATION OF THE CERRADO BIOME
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Líder : ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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MARCIA NUNES MACEDO
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PATRICIA FERNANDA DO PINHO
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Data: 24-may-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Cerrado biome has been impacted by intensive deforestation over the past decades. Protected areas have emerged as an alternative for conserving the natural resources of this biome, although the effective contribution of different categories and modalities of these areas is not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of 124 traditionally occupied protected areas (PAs), including 72 Indigenous Lands (ILs), 45 Quilombola Territories (QTs), and 7 Protected Areas with Traditional Communities (UC-PCTs) in the forms of Extractive Reserves (RESEX) and Sustainable Development Reserves (RDS) in the Cerrado. We used data on land use and cover within and around these areas and the biome to assess the effectiveness of these protected areas in conserving the Cerrado. On average, 36% of the PAs were recognized before 1994, 19% between 1995 and 2004, 31% from 2005 to 2014, and 14% after 2015. The PAs recognized earlier have maintained higher proportions of native vegetation up to the present compared to those recognized more recently, although all PAs have more than 50% of their territories vegetated. The temporal analysis from 1985 to 2022 of land use and cover in the five regions of the Cerrado (North, South, East, West, and Central) revealed different levels of anthropogenic pressure in each region. In the North region, traditional communities (TCs) showed, on average, 43% of their territories deforested, while the surrounding areas had 30% deforested, and the region's average was 20%. In the South, the region with the highest proportion of deforestation, the PAs maintained 60% native vegetation, compared to 44% in the surroundings. In the East region, TCs had lower average deforestation (15%) both within and around their areas, compared to the region (40%) and the biome (44%). In the West and Central regions, both PAs and TCs had significantly lower deforestation averages than their surroundings, the region, and the Cerrado biome. Overall, the PAs and TCs, which had 13% and 10% average deforestation respectively, significantly contributed to lower deforestation averages compared to their surroundings and the Cerrado biome average, which had 33% and 44% average deforestation. These analyses allow us to understand that the territories of traditional communities play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of deforestation in the Cerrado biome, even when not officially recognized, demonstrating the sustainability of their land-use practices.
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4
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Henrique Rodrigues Marques
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AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS FOR MAINTAINING THE ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF FORESTS IN THE EASTERN AMAZON
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Líder : DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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JOSE ROBERTO RODRIGUES PINTO
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JOICE NUNES FERREIRA
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STEEL SILVA VASCONCELOS
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Data: 14-ago-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Large-scale ecological restoration is a global imperative, especially in the context of targets for recovering native vegetation in Brazil and worldwide, aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change. Agroforestry systems (AFSs) emerge as a promising strategy for the Amazon, combining agricultural production with the recovery of forest ecosystems and actively involving farmers in the process. However, it is essential to evaluate the performance of AFSs in promoting and maintaining ecological integrity (EI) of secondary forests, considering aspects such as composition, structure, and function in comparison to secondary forests of equivalent ages. This study analyzed two types of AFSs: the agroforestry systems of Tomé-Açu (SAFTA), which have a more traditional approach, and the agroforestry systems of São Félix do Xingu (SAFSFX), which tend to be more simplified. Data were collected from 22 AFSs, with ages ranging from 4 to 35 years, and the indicators assessed included tree species diversity, structural heterogeneity (Gini index), basal area, and aboveground biomass. The results indicated that SAFTA exhibited better performance in terms of species composition compared to SAFSFX, with both systems demonstrating EI values similar to those of integer secondary forests. AFSs ≥20 years old showed an average basal area of 20.3 m².ha⁻¹ and aboveground biomass of 116.3 ton.ha⁻¹, however the low species richness (2 to 7 per 100 individuals) and the predominance of commercial species such as Theobroma cacao and Euterpe oleracea highlight the need for diversification. Therefore, large-scale restoration projects should integrate practices that favor biodiversity, promoting regenerative agriculture that benefits both ecosystems and the livelihoods of family farmers.
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5
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Isabella de Andrade Sá
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Energy and Mechanical Performance of torrefied Pellets from Amazonian Wood Waste under Sustainable Management
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Líder : AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE
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CLAUDIO HENRIQUE SOARES DEL MENEZZI
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Lucélia Alves de Macêdo
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THIAGO DE PAULA PROTÁSIO
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Data: 27-ago-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Plant biomass is a promising source of renewable energy, but it requires some adjustments, such as pretreatments, such as torrefaction, to improve its characteristics before being converted into a type of biofuel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential energy of pellets produced from a mixture of Amazonian wood residues, torrefied at two different temperatures: 200°C and 275°C. A mixture of residues from six different tropical wood species (Peltogyne lecointei Ducke, Martiodendron elatum (Ducke) Gleason, Handroanthus incanus (A.H.Gentry) S.Grose, Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd., Allantoma decandra (Ducke) S.A. Mori et al. and Erisma uncinatum Warm) were used, which were torrefied at two temperatures, 200 and 275°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min and residence time of 60 and 30 minutes, for each temperature, respectively. The torrefied biomass was subsequently pelletized at a pelletizer feed speed that varied between 10 and 15 during the process. The influence of torrefaction on the mechanical and energy characteristics of the pellets produced was verified, based on the evaluations of the properties of the ISO 17225-8 standard for this type of biofuel. The pellets produced at 200°C and 275°C presented average calorific value and energy density values of, respectively, 20,86 MJ/kg and 22,66 MJ/kg and 9,66 GJ/m³ and 10.47 GJ/m³ for the latter property; for mechanical resistance, the pellets at 200°C and 275°C presented average values of 78.36% and 63.11%, both temperatures being below the standard recommended for classes TWH and TWL (≥97.5); the pellets at 275°C showed an increase of 8,18% in energy density compared to the pellets torrefied at 200°C. In general, considering all the properties analyzed, the pellets at 200°C presented better results.
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6
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MANUELLA DE REZENDE ALVARES
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Economic Valuation of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park
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Líder : HUMBERTO ANGELO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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HUMBERTO ANGELO
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ALEXANDRE NASCIMENTO DE ALMEIDA
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GILSON FERNANDES DA SILVA
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Raquel de Souza Pompermayer
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Data: 27-sep-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (PNCV), located in the Cerrado biome in Goiás, is a fully protected conservation unit that faces challenges for its preservation. Two widely used methods in environmental valuation studies were employed: the Travel Cost Method (TCM) and the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). These methods enabled the estimation and comparison of the economic values attributed to the PNCV, facilitating the adoption of conservation measures. For the CVM, a binary logistic regression model was used to determine the probability of visitors' willingness to pay (WTP), analyzing their profiles to identify the factors influencing this willingness. The average WTP and the economic value of the park's recreational use were calculated based on the total economic value (TEV). For the TCM, specifically in the zonal approach, the recreation demand determinants were identified through a negative binomial regression model. Additionally, the economic value of the PNCV's recreational use and the consumer surplus were estimated using the Log-Log demand function, as well as the price-demand and income-demand elasticities for park visits. Finally, the WTP values and consumer surplus were compared, as well as the economic value of the PNCV's recreational use. Data collection took place through questionnaires randomly distributed to park visitors in July 2023. This study concluded, through the CVM, that there is a significant willingness from society to contribute to the park's conservation. Among the variables analyzed, only "Visit Frequency" and "Residence Location (2)" were statistically significant for WTP, with "Residence Location (2)" being the most influential in explaining environmentally favorable behaviors. The estimated economic value of the PNCV for ecotourism was R$ 59,217,027.70, with an average WTP of R$ 44.27, consistent with other Conservation Units in Brazil. According to the TCM, the economic value of recreational use was R$ 55,884,315.60, with a consumer surplus of R$ 34.40 per visit. The analysis also showed that the demand for recreation was price-inelastic and that the income-demand elasticity confirmed that the PNCV was considered a superior good. These results are consistent with each other and with studies from other Conservation Units in Brazil, providing valuable input for the development of public policies and management strategies aimed at the park's preservation.
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7
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THOMAS RIETH CORREA
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Water production in the Urucuia river basin
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Líder : ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR
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SOLANGE FILOSO
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Data: 30-sep-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Climate change and land use changes can significantly affect the water balance of a watershed, and consequently, water yield and various other associated ES. In order to perform water balance calculations, climatological data on precipitation and evapotranspiration are necessary, which can be incomplete, hindering water yield estimation. In the present study, tools (Python scripts) were developed to calculate reference evapotranspiration in data-scarce situations and fill potential gaps in data series. Additionally, water yield in the Urucuia River basin was evaluated using the Annual Water Yield (AWY) model from InVEST. The scripts were able to accurately fill the climatological data gaps from the stations, proving to be useful tools for this purpose. However, the AWY model performed unsatisfactorily in predicting the Urucuia River flow. Different climate change scenarios demonstrated that water yield increases with higher precipitation and lower evapotranspiration, while scenarios with decreased native Cerrado vegetation cover did not affect water yield in the study area due to the maintenance of evapotranspiration potential. On the other hand, the Urucuia River flow showed a significant declining trend, likely associated with the expansion of irrigated agriculture areas.
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8
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GIOVANNA BARROS FERREIRA
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MODELING OF LAND USE AND COVER DYNAMICS IN THE DESCOBERTO RIVER WATERSHED, LOCATED IN THE CERRADO REGION, UNTIL 2052
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Líder : ALCIDES GATTO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALCIDES GATTO
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EDSON EYJI SANO
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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MARCO BRUNO XAVIER VALADÃO
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Data: 16-oct-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Changes in land use and land cover in the Cerrado, driven by agricultural activities, occupied about 50% of the biome's territory by 2022, resulting in the largest loss of native vegetation (25%) between 1985 and 2022, with 31.9 million hectares anthropized. Geoprocessing techniques, including georeferenced databases and spatial modeling, facilitated the monitoring of agricultural expansion. This study projected and simulated three future deforestation scenarios (business as usual, optimistic, and pessimistic) using DINAMICA EGO software for the Descoberto River watershed until the year 2052. Image processing of the initial and final landscapes was conducted for model input. A transition matrix of landscape change rates was generated, and the model was calibrated and validated. The business as usual scenario assumed the continuation of deforestation patterns; the optimistic scenario considered the successful implementation of protected areas and compliance with areas of permanent preservation (APP); the pessimistic scenario assumed the failure of these implementations. Additionally, the following variables were analyzed through statistical tests to verify the impacts of deforestation: flow rate, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and the water use permits issued during the study period. The results showed deforestation hotspots concentrated in non-protected areas or adjacent to urban zones. In the business as usual and pessimistic scenarios, significant vegetation fragmentation was projected, with 97.02% and 97.66% of vegetation fragments comprising up to 10 hectares, respectively. The business as usual scenario estimated a 7.69% increase in deforested areas by 2052, while the pessimistic scenario projected a 23.57% increase. The optimistic scenario showed a 1.78% increase, assuming the success of environmental legislation. It was observed that deforestation had negative impacts on water body flow rates. These results can assist decision-makers in managing environmental and water resources in the Descoberto River watershed.
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9
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PAULA GEORG DORNELLES
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PRODUÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS DE MADEIRA-PLÁSTICO COM RESÍDUOS DE MARCENARIA
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Líder : CLAUDIO HENRIQUE SOARES DEL MENEZZI
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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CLAUDIO HENRIQUE SOARES DEL MENEZZI
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AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE
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LINA BUFALINO
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DARCI ALBERTO GATTO
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Data: 08-nov-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The development of materials from woodworking waste can reduce its environmental impact because improper disposal can cause serious damage to the environment. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of carpentry waste addition on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites with a polymer matrix of Polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Waste from various woods and MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) in proportions of 15% and 30% combined with PP and HDPE were used. The composites were produced by extrusion followed by injection of the specimens, which were subjected to physical (water absorption and density) and mechanical (dynamic mechanical analysis, hardness and tensile) tests. The results revealed that the composites absorbed little water (less than 2%) and the higher the waste content, the higher the density; in some cases, there was an increase of more than 86% compared to the virgin material. From a mechanical point of view, MDF proved to be more efficient in increasing the modulus of elasticity and hardness of the composites, especially in the proportion of 30% when combined with PP. Therefore, the use of carpentry waste in wood-plastic composites offers a viable and sustainable alternative for the use of industrial waste and can be used in various applications.
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10
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LIGIANE FERNANDES FERREIRA BESSA
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SEED QUALITY, GROWTH AND BIOMASS OF NATIVE CERRADO GRASSES
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Líder : ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS
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SUELMA RIBEIRO SILVA
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Data: 28-nov-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Native grasses are essential in savannas, acting to cover the soil, control erosion and provide food for native and domestic fauna. Despite the great wealth of grass species in the Cerrado, knowledge is still limited given the importance of this botanical group to the biome. In order to broaden our knowledge of these plants, we investigated the germination ecology and growth of 14 species of grass native to the Cerrado biome in the laboratory and greenhouse. For these species (Andropogon bicornis, Andropogon fastigiatus, Andropogon leucostochyus, Andropogon virgatus, Aristida gibbosa, Aristida riparia, Aristida setifolia, Echinolaena inflexa, Gymnopogon foliosus, Loudetiopsia chrysosthrix, Paspalum stellatum, Rhynchospora speciosa, Schizachyrium sanguineum and Trachysopon spicatus) seed quality, germination, height growth and biomass were studied in order to identify desirable characteristics for use in restoration and silvipastoral systems. The results indicate germination rates above 25% for most species, and that some species have zero or almost zero seed viability rates, probably due to low or zero seed quality. The addition of organic matter to the substrate (2.5% and 5.0%) had different effects on germination, plant height and biomass. These results suggest that although organic matter can contribute to height growth, the concentrations used may not have been sufficient to promote significant differences. The rates of germination, growth in height and accumulation of biomass (roots and aerial part) can be used to select, among the species studied, those that meet the particularities desired in restoration initiatives and silvipastoral systems.
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11
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ANNY CAROLINY PEREIRA ROCHA
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The role of extractivism in the conservation and restoration of the landscape in the capital of Baru
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Líder : DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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HELENICE MOURA GONÇALVES
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SONIA MARIA CARVALHO RIBEIRO
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Data: 29-nov-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP) provides a sustainable source of income for rural families and helps to conserve native vegetation. The baru (Diperyx alata Vog.) is a tree native to the Cerrado Biome, its nut is consumed roasted, in 2022 the baru nut market reached US$ 5.1 million. The baru collection of the baru is carried out in native vegetation, and in isolated trees in pastures, the cultivation of baru can contribute to the economy and preservation of native vegetation. The present study aimed to analyze the role of agroextractivism and baru cultivation in the conservation of native vegetation and in the complexification of production systems within rural properties in the municipality of Arinos-MG. The study area consisted of 30 rural properties in the municipality of Arinos-MG. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire on the socioeconomic profile of agroextractivists, their property and its components, baru management, and the relationship of agroextractivists with nature. Fifteen properties out of the 30 visited were selected to conduct a floristic survey in the cerrado and pasture components. In the cerrado component, 10 plots of 10x50m were installed and all baru trees with a diameter at base height ≥ 5 cm were identified. In the pasture component, a plot of 50x100m, was installed and all trees with a diameter ≥ 5 cm were identified, and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of baru was measured only. The phytosociological parameters, absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency were estimated. Of the 30 agroextractivists interviewed, 17 were women and 13 were men. The properties range in size from 10 to 100 hectares, and in addition to collecting on their own properties, they also collect on third-party farms. A total of 594 pasture trees were measured, 50 species from 20 families, Fabaceae (15), Bignoniaceae (7) and Vochysiaceae (5). The research showed that baru, within the native vegetation, is not sufficient to preserve the cerrado, despite the extraction of its fruit.
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Tesis |
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1
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DIONE DAMBRÓS RADDATZ
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NANOFERTILIZER IN THE PRODUCTION OF CLONAL AND SEMINAL SEEDLINGS OF COMMERCIAL SPECIES
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Líder : ANDERSON MARCOS DE SOUZA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANDERSON MARCOS DE SOUZA
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JUSCELINA ARCANJO DOS SANTOS
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ANDREA VITA REIS MENDONCA
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JONAS INKOTTE
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MARCO BRUNO XAVIER VALADÃO
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Data: 27-feb-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Nowadays, there is a constant demand for technologies that reduce production costs and the time needed to produce quality forest seedlings, which has led researchers to develop new alternative products. These include nanofertilizers, which in agronomic crops have shown superiority in morphological, physiological, and nutritional aspects, among others. In the forestry sector, especially with tree species of economic interest, studies with nanofertilizers are in the infancy stage. The aim of this study was to test the effects of Arbolin Biogeneses nanofertilizer through top dressing, together with conventional fertilizer used in nurseries and conventional urea. Therefore, four experiments were set up. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of different doses of nanofertilizer (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2 ml of nanofertilizer and standard nursery fertilizer) on Eucalyptus clone production in 55cm³ tubes. Experiments 2 (bamboo), 3 (yerba mate), and 4 (native Cerrado species) evaluated the effects of different doses of the nanofertilizer arboline and urea through top dressing. The concentrations were 2, 4, 6, and 8 ml of arboline and 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/liter of urea, with 30 ml of this solution being applied per seedling for production. The experiments evaluated the morphological and nutritional attributes and the leaching of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). The preliminary data were subjected to different analyses: descriptive (mean and standard deviation), normality (Shapiro-Wilk), and homogeneity (Bartlett) tests. Polynomial regression analysis of variance (α=0.05). Means with significance were submitted to the Scoth & Knott test. In addition, the doses of nanofertilizer and urea were grouped using canonical variable analysis and Pearson’s correlation |rij| through heat maps (heat maps). In general, the changes brought about by top-dressing fertilization improved morphological quality, especially rooting in eucalyptus, and the levels of leaf macro- and micronutrients for all the species used. For species in which leaching was determined, attenuation could be observed, especially in N. The use of nanofertilizer made it possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer used in nurseries, resulting in seedlings with vigorous growth and nutritional contents within the ranges considered optimal. High doses of fertilizer resulted in excessive leaching of nutrients, especially in treatments with conventional urea. The Arbolina nanofertilizer proved to be a promising alternative for improving the quality of seedlings of native and exotic forest species of commercial interest, as well as bamboos of the Guadua genus.
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2
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Lucas Francisco de Dominicis
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Mecanização de sistemas agroflorestais e os seus serviços ambientais como instrumento para ganhos de escala produtiva, econômica e ambiental.
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Líder : ALVARO NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALVARO NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA
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DANIEL LUIS MASCIA VIEIRA
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JOSE FELIPE RIBEIRO
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LUIZ MOREIRA COELHO JÚNIOR
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MARCIO LOPES DA SILVA
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Data: 16-abr-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The loss of natural resources caused by the current model of human development causes unprecedented damage to environmental issues, not just humans, but the entire biodiversity that inhabits the globe. The disordered use and occupation of land limits the supply of regulatory and provision ecosystem services, causing a loss of well-being for living beings. Family farming, in this context, plays an important role in the occupation of agricultural areas, as its form of production poses fewer risks to the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate, in different aspects (economic, environmental, social and productive), the impact of the use of agroforestry systems in the context of rural family farming settlements in two River Basins of the Federal District, the Descoberto Basin and the Paranoá Basin. In the first chapter, the socioeconomic profile of the producers who participated in the GEF CTInova Sustainable Cities project was evaluated. The productive and technological levels present in each of the 37 properties were also characterized from the perspective of the use of agricultural mechanization in the context in which they are present. Our observations concluded that mechanization is still present in the reality of these producers, and access is only through hiring third-party services, but its use became necessary when the issue is increasing scale. Chapter 2 demonstrates the project's financial forecast from two aspects: the first without payment for environmental services and the second with the PSA incentive. The results prove that the implementation of the payment policy for environmental services for agroforestry producers is extremely important for the maintenance and continuity of use, especially in the initial years when returns from the sale of production are still low. This policy, if well applied, can guarantee a greater supply of ecosystem services and the growth in the use of agricultural practices in the Federal District.
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3
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Alexandro Dias Martins Vasconcelos
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Establishment of Suspension Cultures of Euterpe precatoria Mart. (Arecaceae)
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Líder : JONNY EVERSON SCHERWINSKI PEREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JONNY EVERSON SCHERWINSKI PEREIRA
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ANDERSON MARCOS DE SOUZA
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FREDERICO HENRIQUE DA SILVA COSTA
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INAE MARIE DE ARAUJO SILVA CARDOSO
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PAULO CESAR POETA FERMINO JUNIOR
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Data: 09-may-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The palm tree Euterpe precatoria Mart. (açaí), known word worldwide, has great economic importane in Brazil. Originally from the Amazon Rainforest, it is consumed as a staple food by many, communities in the region. Açaí is a palm tree so important for humam nutrition that is received another title “super fruit”, making it even more economically, important. The fruit has gained, international, recognition due to its energetic, properties and its richness in minerals, fatty acids, anthocyanins and antioxidants. These characteristics have driven the consumption of açaí pulp in recent years. Thus, the objective of this research was to establish embryogenic lines in a liquid consistency medium (cell suspension) and evaluate the growth kinetics of embryogenic strutures of E. precatoria originating from zygotic embryos, young leaf tissues and immature inflorescences. It is important to highlight that, until now, there are no reports in the literature, on the use of this technique to reproduce this species. In the first article, the growth of eight lines (L1 – L8) was evaluated, originating from leaf tissues, zygotic embryos and immature inflorescences, in liquid medium (500 mg embryogenic callus) of MS supplemented with 5 μM Picloram (five lines) and, for comparison purposes in semi-solid MS medium (1.050 g embryogenic callus) supplemented with 13.57 μM Picloram (three lines). The growth curve was obtained from weighing the calli between 60 and 180 days of cultivation. The Gompertz model was applied and growth kinetics were evaluated. At 100 days, the total sugar and soluble protein content was checked. The cultivation of E. precatoria strains in liquid consistency medium was successfully carried out and establishment was achieved. The strains showed statistical differences in the growth curve. The absence of lag phase A (day) was verified. The Gompertz model may be appropriate, at is describes more than 90% of the lineages growth kinetics. Multivariate analysis reveals a high increase in mass liquid cultures, represented by lineages L6 and L2. Statistical differences were found in the levels of Total Soluble Sugars (AST), and the highest levels were observed in strains grown in liquid medium. The protein content found was very low, showing statistical differences between the strains. Multiplication presents behavior throughout subcultures, both between lineages and between cultivation periods. In the second article, the optimization of the protocol was evaluated, using somatic materials of leaf origin. Six strains (L1 – L6), were evaluated in six different media, respectively PIC; PIC+AIB; PIC+ANA; 2,4-D; 2,4-D+AIB and 2,4-D+ANA. Over 180 days of cultivation, oxidation, volume and contamination were evaluated. Principal component, analysis was estimated. The Gompertz model was applied and growth kinetics were determined. The protocol was successfully optimized. The results obtained were above expectations, with an average growth rate above 1400%. At 100 days, it was found that the calli showed embryogenic competence. The growth dynamics, although variable between strains, were satisfactory. The strains showed statistical differences in the appropriate, with sigmoid curves, as it describe more than 70% of the lineages growth kinetics. Multivariate analysis reveals that there is similarity between the lineages. The protocol for growing single açaí in liquid consistency medium was optimized. The production of friable embryogenic callus has been improved. The strains showed significant differences due to the effect of the compositions of the culture media over time. Oxidation does not prevent the production of friable embryogenic callus. Calli can be multiplied using both Picloram and 2,4-D auxin. Anatomical Analyzes reveal that calluses have embryogenic competence.
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4
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Viviane Evangelista dos Santos Abreu
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LINKING FAMILY FARMERS TO THE PROMOTION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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Líder : ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ISA LUCIA DE MORAIS
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ALDICIR OSNI SCARIOT
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CARLOS MOREIRA MIQUELINO ELETO TORRES
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS
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Data: 22-ago-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Ecosystem service is a well-established concept for determining the relationships between ecosystems and society. This approach is used by major intergovernmental panels for nature conservation, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), to emphasize the importance of integrating information from local and traditional communities with scientific ecological data. Decision-making approaches for the management of ecosystem services often lack comprehensive information for analyzing socio-ecological systems. Currently, a considerable proportion of studies address perceptions of ecosystem services, local ecological knowledge, and the diversity of family farming types. However, there are scientific gaps regarding how socio-ecological variables can influence local knowledge, or how the diversity of family farming reflects different ecological data and estimates for ecosystem services. Given the need to achieve biodiversity conservation goals and enhance ecosystem services in the Cerrado biome, it is urgent to identify socio-ecological system areas that enable the implementation of ecosystem service management actions. This study aimed to analyze family farmers in agrarian reform territories, contiguous to Integral Conservation Units, as an opportunity to observe socio-ecological systems for the conservation and management of ecosystem services. In Chapter 1, the objective was to identify the influence of socio-ecological variables on the constitution of local ecological knowledge and the perception of ecosystem services among farming families to provide strategic recommendations for improving the management of ecosystem services. In Chapter 2, the study aimed to analyze the diversity of native vegetation, as well as three ecosystem services—carbon storage in trees, provision of native fruits, and habitat provision—in different land uses in natural areas of typical Cerrado managed by family farmers. Field sampling was conducted on 80 properties, where interviews and technical inspections were carried out. Fifteen properties were selected for floristic inventories to analyze ecosystem services. In Chapter 1, data analysis was performed using Random Forest (RF) modeling, which combines decision trees to understand which variables most influence local ecological knowledge and perception. In Chapter 2, abundance, richness, diversity index, carbon storage, provision of native fruits, and habitat provision were determined using specific packages in R Programming.It was found that engagement in nature conservation and restoration initiatives, along with the use of native areas, significantly influences the levels of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) in farming communities. Farmers with full participation, from conception to implementation and evaluation of the initiatives, had significantly higher LEK levels (28.5 ± 13.0) compared to farmers without participation in these initiatives (11.4 ± 5.9). Farmers who used the cerrado for leisure and education (28.2 ± 21.2) had significantly higher LEK levels compared to farmers who did not attend or use cerrado areas (13.5 ± 8.9) and those using native vegetation areas for cattle raising (12.8 ± 6.8). These results highlight that, in addition to farmers' participation in conservation and restoration initiatives, the sustainable use of natural areas is fundamental for strengthening their local knowledge of ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, the results report that the type of agroecosystem present on farms strongly influences farmers' perceptions of ecosystem services. Farmers perceive different ecosystem services depending on land use, indicating the need for tailored interventions for the planning and management of conservation areas. Farmers practicing soybean monoculture had significantly lower perception scores on ecosystem services (-5.1 ± 3.8) compared to the other four evaluated groups. The highest estimates for ecosystem services are in native areas destined for agroextractive purposes. A strong positive correlation was found between the diversity index and carbon storage, indicating that more diverse areas are generally more effective at capturing and storing carbon. This study highlights the critical role of incorporating local knowledge and perceptions for designing effective management strategies to enhance ecosystem service provision and biodiversity conservation in areas adjacent to protected areas. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the ecological benefits of different land uses to support management strategies, inform public policies, and provide financial incentives to family farmers.
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5
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FERNANDA BORGES DE LIMA
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Tropical Timber Markets from Forest Concessions: Alternative Species to Expand Supply and Ensure Future Stock
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Líder : ALVARO NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALVARO NOGUEIRA DE SOUZA
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ERALDO APARECIDO TRONDOLI MATRICARDI
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LUIS ANTONIO COIMBRA BORGES
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MARCIO LOPES DA SILVA
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MARIA DE FÁTIMA DE BRITO LIMA
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Data: 30-sep-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The thesis addressed forest concessions aimed at the sustainable exploitation of forests. It is composed of two chapters. The first chapter discussed the existing laws in continents that have tropical forests with vegetation similar to that found in Brazil. The databases of FAO - FAOLEX and TimberLex, as well as academic journals, were considered. The American, Asian, and African continents were analyzed. As a result, the continents and their respective countries presented laws governing the management and use of their forests. Forest concessions are similar in their applicability, with common activities including the development of a management plan and the establishment of contracts valid for up to 35 years. The challenges faced include rampant agricultural practices, deforestation, ineffectiveness and difficulty in monitoring activities, and the need for greater participation from local communities. In the second chapter, groups of timber species from the Amazon Forest with potential for exploitation were evaluated through the assessment of their physical-mechanical properties, aiming to identify alternative species that can meet market demand. Data were sourced from the Forest Products Laboratory (LPF) and the Timberflow platform. A multivariate cluster analysis technique was applied to group species based on the technological characteristics of their wood and to evaluate their similarity, thereby obtaining homogeneous groups in terms of economic potential and utilization. The results indicated four homogeneous groups: Cluster 1 (40.72% of species, basic density-db: 690 kg m−3), Cluster 2 (13.92%, db: 260 and 520 kg m−3), Cluster 3 (27.32%, db: 550 and 830 kg m−3), and Cluster 4 (18.04%, db: 830 kg m−3). Most of the 20 listed species are classified as more commercially viable (70%), with high wood density. The species identified as alternatives include Dialium guianense and Zollernia paraensis for Dipteryx odorata, Terminalia argentea for Dinizia excelsa, Terminalia amazonia and Buchenavia grandis for Goupia glabra, and Protium altissimum and Maclura tinctoria for Hymenaea courbaril.
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6
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Tatiana Dias Gaui
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BIOMASS EQUATIONS AND CARBON STOCKS ESTIMATES IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF THE RIO DE JANEIRO STATE: SOIL AND CLIMATE EFFECTS
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Líder : EDER PEREIRA MIGUEL
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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EDER PEREIRA MIGUEL
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ALBA VALERIA REZENDE
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ERIKA BUSCARDO
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FERNANDA COELHO DE SOUZA
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GILENO BRITO DE AZEVEDO
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Data: 09-dic-2024
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Tropical forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle, acting as sinks through the fixation of atmospheric CO₂ and storing more than 70% of the planet's living biomass, including both above and below ground. The maintenance of these forests is vital and includes effective management of areas that store carbon, as well as strategies to reduce emissions and increase carbon capture through forest restoration and conservation. However, a precise and reliable estimate of the carbon stocks of these forests requires accurate allometric equations, which are still scarce for the Atlantic Forest forests. Estimates are particularly important in the current scenario of global climate change, to guide strategies to mitigate these changes. In particular, many carbon projects from the voluntary carbon market, use generic allometric equations that increase the uncertainty in the estimates and can overestimate on average 15.4% of biomass stocks in tropical forests. This overestimation may be even greater for Atlantic Forest forests. In this context, in chapter 3 of this thesis, specific allometric equations were developed, using a nondestructive method, for different phytophysiognomies of the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The results found showed that locally developed equations are more accurate and the use of the generic pantropical equation, widely used in the literature, overestimated biomass stocks by 11.7%. Having overcome the challenge of consistently estimating carbon stocks, we investigated which factors determine the variation of aboveground tree biomass, which concentrates most of the carbon stocks. Therefore, chapter 4 of this thesis investigated the role of floristic composition, richness and diversity of tree species, climate (precipitation and temperature) and soils (fertility and texture) in determining biomass. The results of this chapter show that environmental, soil and climate variables are important predictors of biomass. Furthermore, areas of greater richness, diversity and more distinct floristic composition have a greater living tree aboveground biomass, which is important for strategic decision-making aimed at forest conservation.
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