The Design of Fiscal Rules and Their Effects: An Empirical Analysis from 2001 to 2021
Fiscal Rule Design, Fiscal Policy, Generalized Method of Moments
This study examined the effects of the four main categories of fiscal rules (debt, revenue, expenditure, and fiscal outcomes) on the economic aggregates they seek to restrict. Using a dataset spanning from 2001 to 2021, the analysis considered the influence of rule design, taking into account important characteristics described in the literature. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was applied to measure the impact of these rules. The findings are in line with the literature, showing that when endogeneity is addressed, the effect of the rules becomes statistically insignificant.