Analysis of the debate on the use of rules against discretion in Monetary policy and on the role of the Central Bank: Experiences in Brazil and Argentina during the period 1990-2018.
Monetary Policy, Central Bank, Rules, Discretion, Inflation, Credibility, Argentina, Brazil.
The debate on the best way to conduct monetary policy is of great relevance in Latin America, where high inflation rates have been a recurring problem in several countries. This article aims to understand the main views of this debate, with an emphasis on the role that the Central Bank must fulfill according to different economic schools of thought. Initially, we will provide a brief review of the origins and key points of the rules versus discretion debate in monetary policy. Subsequently, we will succinctly present the different economic theories of inflation. Furthermore, we will analyze the role played by monetary autorities in building credibility, discussing fixed exchange rate regimes and escape clauses, as well as the concept of Central Bank independence, inflation targeting regimes, and the importance of transparency and effective communication. Finally, we will analyze the performance of Argentina and Brazil in relation to the different monetary policies adopted between 1990 and 2018. This study will allow us to evaluate how monetary policy choices have impacted inflation control and the economic outcomes of these countries over time. In doing so, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the monetary policy debate in Latin America, providing insights on best practices and lessons learned from past experiences.