Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: Carlos Eduardo Menezes da Silva

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : Carlos Eduardo Menezes da Silva
DATE: 23/02/2024
TIME: 18:00
LOCAL: Vídeo Conferência
TITLE:

ESSAYS ON THE FINANCING OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN BRAZIL: 20 YEARS OF ADVANCES AND SETBACKS. 

KEY WORDS:

BIOFIN, Environmental Economics, Public Spending, Biodiversity Conservation, Environmental Policies. 

PAGES: 144
BIG AREA: Ciências Sociais Aplicadas
AREA: Economia
SUMMARY:

Humanity's main challenges today are reversing the progressive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Now on the decision-maker's agenda, this challenge leads to a necessary connection between conserving biodiversity and promoting human well-being. Moreover, in this way, it emphasizes the responsibility and the need for action by governments for its promotion. It then becomes necessary to assess the actual size of the contribution of governments to face this challenge. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the contribution of the federal government of Brazil to the conservation of biodiversity between the years 2000 and 2019 and to evaluate the development of funding for conservation as a field of research. Four essays were developed to achieve these goals: The first is a systematic review of the literature on Conservation Economics and Conservation Financing. Then, three studies were developed based on the stages of the Finance for Biodiversity Initiative – BIOFIN developed by the United Nations. The second essay is a political and institutional review study related to biodiversity within the scope of the Brazilian federal government. The third essay is a Review of Spending on Biodiversity carried out by the federal government through a survey, analysis, and description of financial resources allocated to conservation. The third essay is a funding gap analysis. The results showed that the number of studies on funding for conservation has been growing. Nevertheless, it is still an area with many knowledge gaps and an underdeveloped theoretical foundation and methodological framework. Regarding the results of applying the BIOFIN approach to the case of the federal government of Brazil in the period evaluated, there were at least 21 norms and about 195 instruments provided for in federal legislation to comply with the National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity – EPANB. However, most budgetary actions carried out by the management bodies of biodiversity policies at the federal level distort the guidelines provided for in these listed norms. The results also showed a difference between direct spending on biodiversity conservation of around R$176 million/year (or 0.006% of GDP and 0.029% of the federal budget) and indirect spending of around R$1.5 billion/year (or 0.029% of GDP and 0.146% of the federal budget). We estimated a funding gap of R$411 billion. When adjusted by BIOFIN factors, this gap is BRL 155 billion. Finally, the results showed a dimension of more than R$ 50 billion annually between existing and potential resources in ten listed financial solutions that can be applied to conservation financing. These results demonstrate, on the one hand, the downward trend in expenditures observed in the evaluated period, placing Brazil in a preoccupying situation. Since spending on biodiversity is below established international targets, on the other hand, it is necessary to consider the difficulties presented concerning the accounting methods for these expenses. Since there is still much imprecision in defining what is spent on biodiversity and in assessing its effectiveness, it is necessary to consider the results found here as a first effort to indicate a more accurate diagnosis of the situation. 

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Presidente - 403969 - JORGE MADEIRA NOGUEIRA
Interno - 993687 - MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA TORRES
Interno - 2211607 - PEDRO HENRIQUE ZUCHI DA CONCEICAO