THE GEOPOLITICAL ALIGNMENT OF THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL STATE AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE POLICIES OF MIGRATION FLOWS OF HAITANOS AND VENEZUELANS TO BRAZIL
International Migration - South-South Migrations – Geopolitical Turn – Haitian Migration – Venezuelan Migration
This study aims to analyse the geopolitical turn that occurred in the Brazilian national state in the last decade (2011-2020). The sustained hypothesis is that in the time frame considered, the policies of migratory flows were consequences from interests and geopolitical alignments of Brazil with other countries. The last decade was marked by a significant increase in the number of refugees as a result of environmental process, tribal or sectarian wars and even due to the closing of borders. In the field of South-South migrations, the 2010s would be one of the most fruitful in studies of human mobility and Brazil would place itself as one of the destinations of new migratory flows. From 2010, Haitian migration to the country would intensify to the point that those flows would occupy the first position in the formal labor market in 2013. In contrast, in 2015, due to economic, political and social instability that occurred after Chávez’s death, Brazil would become one of the main destinations for Venezuelan migrants. In the first half of the 2010 decade, the pretensions of the progressive governments of Lula and Rousseff to transform Brazil into an international player, in addition to the strong proposal for social inclusion and an income transfer policy, led to the emergence of an internal market that expanded the power purchasing of the population, especially the low-income population, would become strong attractions for Haiti migration. On the other hand, from 2019 in the Bolsonaro government, which at first would be against immigration, based on an alignment with the US government of Trump, it would reorient itself in defense of Venezuela refugees and would allow the entry of more than 400,000 migrants front that country during his rule.