Breast Cancer; Ovarian Cancer; Nanotechnology, Immune System, ROS.

The role of immune system in cancer treatment has promote the development of numberless works in the theme of immunotherapies. Breast cancer, the second most common type, and ovarian cancer, which has the highest lethality when compared to other types of cancer on the female genital system, are those that stand out in women. Nanobiotechnology, creation of materials at the nanometric scale directed for biology, has been developed and is earning prominence for early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery, in addition to being able to promote an immune response based on the activation of dendritic cells. Previous studies demonstrate efficacy, in vitro, of the use of maghemite nanoparticles associated with methylene blue [MAGCIT-MB] for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer. Thus, the present work included the application of MAGCIT-MB to promote anti-tumor immune responses for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer in vitro. In this work two different human breast carcinoma cell line (T-47D and MDA-MB- 231) and one ovary cancer line (A2780) were used. As MAGCIT-MB exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 60.93 nm with a polydispersion index of 0.199 and zeta potential of -20.9 mV. Nanoparticles endocytosis occurs by phagocytosis. After 6 hours of treatment, it is possible to observe a large amount of internalized nanoparticles moving towards the cell interior in well-defined structures, similar to lysosome and/or endosome, as show in transmission electron microscopy [TEM] analysis. Wound Healing assay demonstrate an inhibition of tumor cell migration, including MDA-MB-231, cell line that has not reduced cell viability. Panotipic staining plus light microscopy indicate the internalization of nanoparticle and morphology alterations after treatment. It can be observed, by flow cytometry, a modulation in biogenesis of lipid droplets and a reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential after treatment with MAGCIT-MB. The maturation of dendritic cells was analyzed after treatment with the supernatant of treated tumor cells by flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that, after stimulation, dendritic cells exhibited changes in cell morphology, acquiring an adherent fusiform shape with cytoplasmic extensions and an increase on the expression of CD80, CD86 and CD11c on their surface, which can also be see in light microscopy.