BEYOND THE BELIEF SYSTEMS: AN ANALYSIS OF ADVOCACY COALITIONS RESOURCES
environmental policy; green agenda; advocacy coalitions; biodiversity and forests policy.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze how the mobilization dynamics and exploration of resources performed by advocacy coalitions and its stakeholders affected the political process of the national green agenda subsystem in the period between 2012 and 2021. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative research has been carried out, whose investigation strategy was the case study of Brazilian green agenda subsystem, which includes flora and fauna protection and biodiversity conservation. The data were collected by means of documents and interviews. In total, 41 stenographic reports from public hearings of National Congress between 2012 and 2021 were coded and analyzed, in addition to general reports, media articles, laws, regulatory decrees, ordinances, draft bills and their remarks regarding the green agenda. The interviews were carried out with 17 key players from the Brazilian green agenda subsystem. The data were analyzed via content analysis. The theoretical models that supported the study were the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and stakeholders analysis. The results depicts that 143 organizational stakeholders actively participated of the political process of the subsystem, the majority classified as discretionary stakeholders, behaving as contributors and legitimizing actors. Definitive stakeholders are the most influential under the subsystem and act as agenda definers, regulators and/or controllers. The four subsystem’s defense advocacy coalitions – enlightened technocrats, social environmentalists, modern developmental actors, traditional developmental actors – dispute these stakeholders. The coalitions with the most definitive stakeholders achieved dominion under the subsystem. In phase 1 (Dilma administration), the subsystem dominion was divided between social environmentalists and modern developmental actors. In phase 2 (Michel Temer administration), the modern developmental actors take control. In phase 3 (Jair Bolsonaro administration), the traditional developmental actors are the dominant advocacy coalition. Formal legal authority was identified as the most important resource of the subsystem. The coalitions mobilized the remained subsystem’s resources in order to influence the stakeholders in possession of formal legal authority. All resources proposed by ACF were used by advocacy coalitions and three new were identified on research: judicialization, media and international community support. Different strategies were applied by advocacy coalitions of the subsystem to influence the political process by means of resources. Political resources were mobilized collectively by coalitions, usually to access a resource it was necessary to use others resources in the subsystem.