Electrochemical determination of nitrogen reactive species using screen printed electrode supported by portable 3D printed device
Stereolithography, Ruthenium complexes, Biological markers, Nitric oxide
Introduction: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate, peroxynitrite, nitrogen dioxide and nitroxyl, are part of a group of highly reactive molecules that can be found throughout several systems in the body and play an important role in many pathophysiological processes. Methods for its practical determination are required, as it can have an important impact of disease diagnostics and therapeutical monitoring. Ruthenium complexes show a great affinity for nitric oxide and other RNS, having its physical and chemical properties a potential to be explored in improved techniques for RNS determination. Objectives: This study aims to apply the properties of Ru-X complexes to enhance electrochemical determination of RNS using screen printed electrodes (SPE) mounted in a 3-D printed apparatus for sample, reagent and sensors interactions. Methods: Ru-X complex was synthesized from RuCL3 precursor and used to activate the carbon SPE electrode. Physical, chemical, and morphological characterization are to be carried out to evaluate the impact of activation using the Ru-X complex. Then, the apparatus will be used to measure control samples and evaluate the feasibility to determine RNS in protein matrix-based samples. Results: A 3D printed apparatus was built, using a CAD software, to support the sample – SPE interactions, as well as the connector to a potentiostat. The printed apparatus is able to hold the SPE and mediate the contact with sample and reagents, as well as it allows the connector to be placed and electrochemical signal be detected using a potentiostat.