Development of educational technology for self-care for elderly people with Diabetes Mellitus
:Aged. Validation Study. Health Education. Health Technology. Educational Technology
Introduction: The considerable growth of the elderly population, which should be considered a global achievement, came along with a high incidence of chronic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), which causes complications in essential organs and can cause permanent and irreversible damage if not properly treated. The American Diabetes Association believes that health education and support for self-care are one of the main means of coping with type 2 DM (T2DM), and this management can be carried out with the help of health technologies, with emphasis on technologies educational materials, such as booklets, which have low economic cost and high intellectual value. Purpose: Develop and validate an educational technology to promote self-care for elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus followed in primary health care. Method:This is a methodological development study, with a quantitative approach. To construct the printed educational technology, content was selected based on the constructs aging and T2DM and thus defined factors that influence glycemic control and self-care of elderly people with T2DM. Validation took place in two stages: the first with 33 expert judges selected through an active search on the lattes platform and the snowball sampling method, according to Fehering's criteria; the second stage with 41 elderly people diagnosed with DM2, followed in primary care and with a healthy functional class according to the criteria of the Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS 25.0, with calculation of the agreement index between judges and target audience. Results:The Booklet for the elderly on self-care in Diabetes Mellitus is composed of 28 pages and structured with a cover, pre-textual elements (technical sheet and presentation of the booklet), textual (content, educational games and tips from Dora - nurse) and post-textual (control sheet and bibliographic references). The booklet was validated by the judges with an overall CVI of 0.88, being distributed into the following blocks: objective (0.91), content (0.86), language (0.88), relevance (0.91), illustrations (0.85), layout (0.85), motivation (0.89) and culture (0.91). In validation with the target audience, the overall CVI was 0.96: objective (0.98), organization (0.94), language style (0.94), appearance (0.94) and motivation (0 .97).Conclusions:The booklet was prepared with relevant subjects to support health education and went through the entire methodological process with due scientific rigor, being validated in terms of content and appearance by professionals with expertise in the subject and by the target audience, allowing the material to be improved.