Characterization of energy flows and environmental analysis of the biokerosene production process
from canola
biofuels; canola; aviation; life cycle assessment.
Commercial air transport is responsible for approximately 2.6% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere, in addition to contributing approximately 3.5% of anthropogenic radiative forcing. Moreover, the promotion of renewable fuels is considered a promising strategy for reducing these emissions. The raw materials used for the production of alternative fuels for aviation are of biological origin and many technologies consider biomass as a resource, with conversion routes that include thermochemical and biochemical approaches. Considering that canola is one of the most important growing oilseeds in the world, responsible for 16% of vegetable oil production and occupying the third position in the world in oil production, it stands out as a potential raw material. This oilseed can be grown in tropical regions, such as the low latitude savannas of Brazil. In this scenario, detailed information on the production of the raw material is necessary to accurately assess the impacts of the biofuel’s life cycle. This data can be obtained through the LCA methodology, which in turn involves the study of elementary flows of inputs and outputs for a product system and can indicate the critical points that most contribute to environmental impacts. Based on this methodology, the present work aims to carry out a diagnosis of the environmental performance of the production of biokerosene from canola oil, from the identification of the mass and energy currents of the unitary processes of the technological model developed for this analysis.