Introduction: Although the literature describes the main central and peripheral effects of caffeine in the body, little is known about the implications of its consumption on cardiac parasympathetic modulation and hemodynamic response in different functional conditions such as at rest and during recovery after exercise. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of oral administration of low doses of caffeine on cardiac parasympathetic modulation and hemodynamic response in young sedentary women at rest (supine and orthostatic) and in the recovery period after a session of cardiorespiratory exercise. Methods: Eighteen women (n=18) who were young, sedentary and non-habitual consumers of caffeine were evaluated. The research involved two visits to the laboratory at random in a double blind model. A dose of caffeine (~3mg/kg) or placebo (Sucrose) was offered. The analysis of parasympathetic modulation was obtained through heart rate variability, by the SD1 index of the Poincaré Plot in the supine and orthostatic positions and during the fast (5min) and slow (60min) recovery phases immediately after a cardiorespiratory training session of moderate intensity. Comparison between groups was performed using the Wilcoxon test (P< 0.05). Results: No differences were observed between PLA vs. CAF conditions regarding parasympathetic modulation in the supine (p=0.49; TE=0.16) and orthostatic position (p=0.32; TE=-0.07). Similarly, for the same experimental condition, ΔSD1 in the supine position (p=0.69; TE=- 0.09) and in the orthostatic position (p=0.24; TE=-0.23) did not show differences (P >0.05). During active recovery (fast-phase - 5min), caffeine promoted greater parasympathetic modulation (reactivation) in the fourth minute of recovery when compared to PLA (SD1: p=0.02; TE=-0.54). No differences were observed between PLA vs. CAF conditions in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th minutes of recovery (P>0.05). With regard to passive recovery (slow phase - 60min) no differences were observed between the experimental conditions after 20, 40 and 60 minutes of recovery (p=0.10 – 0.98; TE=-0.005, -0.38). From the hemodynamic point of view, systolic and diastolic blood pressures when evaluated in the supine position (SBP: p= 0.83; TE=-0.05; DBP: p= 0.24; TE=-0.27) did not show significant differences. However, in the orthostatic position, higher DBP values were observed before ingestion of the capsules (p=0.01; TE=-0.55), however this effect was not found after the administration of the capsules (p=0.26; TE =-0.26). During recovery, slow phase, no differences were observed between PLA vs. CAF after 20, 40 and 60 min of recovery (p= 0.10 – 0.86; TE= - 0.16, 0.04) in systolic and diastolic pressures. Similarly, ΔSBP showed no difference throughout the entire recovery (60 minutes) between PLA vs. CAF (P>0.05). However, the ΔDBP variation tended to a statistically significant difference with an average effect size at 20 minutes (PLA= -2 (-6.5; 3.25) vs. CAF=-9.5 (-14.2; 6) mmHg p=0.06; TE=-0.43) and 40 minutes of recovery (PLA= 1 (-5.5; 4.5) vs. CAF= -10 (-13; - 3) mmHg p=0.08; TE=-0.41) after an exercise session. Conclusion: The oral administration of low doses of caffeine does not seem to change the parasympathetic modulation and the hemodynamic response at rest (supine and orthostatic) and in the passive recovery after exercise. However, caffeine increased parasympathetic modulation (reactivation) at the fourth minute of active recovery and demonstrated (trend) higher ΔDBP at 20 and 40 minutes after an exercise session in sedentary young women.