Between Basileia and the Principate: A comparative study of Pro Marcello, by Cicero, and De Clementia, by Seneca, based on the political context of their production and the comparison with the peri basileias Hellenistic tradition
Hellenistic period; Hellenistic monarchies; Hellenistic treatises on monarchy; Charismatic power; Roman Republic; Roman principate; Cicero; Seneca.
This research proposes a study of the Hellenistic tradition of treatises on monarchy (Peri basileias) and its comparison with selected treatises by Cicero and Seneca, both limited to the period of transition from the Republic to the Principate. I argue that these works, Pro Marcello and De Clementia, respectively, were influenced by this Hellenistic literary tradition through the imposition of a new monarchical order in both contexts: the Hellenistic monarchies and the Roman principate. For a better understanding of the peri basileias treaties as a unique Hellenistic gender, the Greek monocratological tradition and also the fragments of late peri basileias treaties preserved in the Stoboeus Anthology are employed. These fragments are attributed to Ecphantus, Diotogenes and Stenidas, and are relevant because of the extension of their fragments, the unity that they present from the metaphysical horizon of their political philosophy and the plausible dating of the end of the Hellenistic period. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the specific works of Cicero and Seneca in light of the context in which they are inserted and the Hellenistic thought that characterizes them.