Banca de DEFESA: PEDRO HENRIQUE SOARES SANTOS

MAN DOES NOT LIVE ON BREAD ALONE: BRAZIL-HOLY SEE RELATIONS BETWEEN 1875 AND 1905

Brazil-Holy See Relations; Brazilian foreign policy; Church and State in Brazil; Holy See; Brazilian diplomacy.

This thesis examines Brazil's objectives in its relations with the Holy See between the amnesty for bishops in the Religious Question in 1875 and the elevation of D. Arcoverde to the cardinalate in 1905. To this end, diplomatic sources from the period contained in the Historical Archive were analyzed. from Itamaraty, legislative sources, parliamentary discussions and relevant periodicals from Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion reached was that the Brazilian objective with these bilateral relations was directly linked to the stability of internal politics and the legitimization of the current regime. Both the Monarchy and the Republic, the first contested in its final years, and the second in its initial years, sought the support of the Apostolic See to obtain the support of the national hierarchy and the obedience of the citizens. For the Bragantina Crown, the movement was timid and late, so that it was not able to reverse the deterioration of dynastic legitimacy. For the republicans, the rapprochement with the Petrina See extinguished the restorationist focuses of the ultramontane clergy and, at the end of the period under study, increased national prestige with the elevation of the first South American and Brazilian cardinal, Joaquim Arcoverde.