"What is the consultation fee?": Beliefs, Criteria and Strategies for Pricing and Billing among Psychotherapists
cost of psychotherapy; fees; psychological session; consumer behavior.
Psychotherapy is the most common professional practice among psychologists for reasons in-
cluding the desire to help others (and self-help), social skills and self-knowledge. On the other hand, cen-
sus data by the Federal Psychology Council have revealed dissatisfaction with remuneration and work-
load, but curriculums rarely offer market knowledge to students and recent graduates. This research aimed to identify the variables that influence the definition of the amount charged by psychotherapists in Brazil. An online survey was conducted with 572 psychotherapists (84.3% women), with an average age of 38.98 years (SD = 11.91) and working for an average of 9.15 years (SD = 9.59), who responded to measures of beliefs, criteria and strategies. Results showed that the average value of the session is R$174.00 (SD = R$94.8), circa 13% of the current minimum wage, with substantial variation due to region and type of em-ployment, but not to psychological approach or technique. Most professionals establish merely verbal agreements without clear rules. Men charge more, while women also report more difficulty with late fees. Contradictorily, the workload of those who work exclusively with psychotherapy is lower than that of those who have other activities. Exploratory factor analyses and multiple regressions showed that seniority is the best predictor of the amount charged, followed by investment in courses and the profile of the cases. Furthermore, the psychotherapist's guilt, insecurity to inform the intended value and flexibility with delays generate a substantial reduction in value. While pro bono and affordable prices to low-income clients are widespread and should be encouraged whenever possible, we discuss strategies to increase the assertive-ness of professionals (and clients). Also, changes should be implemented to increase their legal, adminis-trative, financial and marketing knowledge, with extended benefits to the effectiveness of therapeutic in-terventions and the sustainability of clinical practice.