Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: Pablo Sebastian Tavares Amaral

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : Pablo Sebastian Tavares Amaral
DATE: 02/02/2024
TIME: 14:00
LOCAL: NÚCLEO DE MEDICINA TROPICAL
TITLE:

Influence of the Evaluation of the Malaria Potential in large enterprises in the Brazilian Amazon Region on entomological and epidemiological indicators of malaria

KEY WORDS:

Environmental Licensing, Illegal Mining, Mineral Extraction, Malaria Potential Assessment, Malaria, Legal Amazon

PAGES: 45
BIG AREA: Ciências Biológicas
AREA: Parasitologia
SUBÁREA: Protozoologia de Parasitos
SPECIALTY: Protozoologia Parasitária Humana
SUMMARY:

Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. In Brazil, ~99% of cases occur in the Legal Amazon, where environmental degradation has been associated with the proliferation of Nyssorhynchus darlingi and an increase in the incidence of the disease. One strategy to reduce these environmental and health impacts is to develop environmental licensing processes that can control the spread of the vector and the increase in malaria cases. In this sense, Brazilian legislation has established the need for specific studies to be carried out to assess the malaria potential (APM). The aim of this study is to estimate the number of cases of malaria and Anopheles mosquitoes in the areas of influence of projects in the Brazilian Amazon and to investigate whether APM influence the occurrence of malaria and its vectors. To this end, we evaluated the processes between January 2008 and May 2023, in terms of typologies, extent and UF of occurrence. We used secondary data from the Sivep-Malaria database and Ibama databases, analyzing the period before the start of construction and after its completion. Since 2008, 143 federally licensed projects have been monitored, 36% of which are transmission projects and 18% energy generation (hydroelectric and thermoelectric plants). Transportation projects account for 19% (roads) and 5% (railroads), and mining companies account for 8%. Other projects (e.g. aerospace base, eolic energy) account for 14% of the total. The state of Pará concentrates the most projects (20% of the total). We identified 21 licensed mining projects in operation, with activities starting between 2002 and 2021, located in 13 municipalities in 5 states, mainly in the state of Pará (76%). In general, we observed a reduction in malaria cases after the mining companies began operating and this continued in subsequent years. Regarding garimpos, we identified gold mining sites registered between 1995 and 2022, located in 66 municipalities in 7 states. The state of Pará had the most municipalities with garimpos (36%). Unlike licensed mining companies, municipalities with garimpos show an average increase of +112% in the first 4 years. These results suggest that municipalities with licensed mining projects have seen a reduction in malaria cases, unlike mining areas that are not licensed. In the hydroelectric projects analyzed, a reduction in malaria cases was identified during construction and the consequent start of control actions (average of -38%), but an increase in cases was observed shortly after the end of the APM actions (+84.5% to +400%). The preliminary analysis of the projects analyzed suggests that, despite the impacts caused by their activities, the control actions of the environmental licensing processes do reduce the number of malaria cases. However, an analysis at a lower territorial level is important to be able to identify the direct impacts of the installation of these projects in their area of influence.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Interno - 1974062 - MARCOS TAKASHI OBARA
Externo à Instituição - MARCELO URBANO FERREIRA - USP
Externa à Instituição - SHEILA RODRIGUES RODOVALHO - OPAS