Unveiling stereotypes: hegemonic masculinity as an obstacle to the realization of rights
Film Analysis; Gender; Human Rights; Masculinity.
This dissertation aims, drawing from post-structuralist works, to comprehend the construction of male identity and how its formation towards a structuring heteronormative pattern interferes with the social, political, legal, and cultural interactions. In a gendered society, sexual divisions and social roles emerge that constrain the expression of alternative forms beyond those considered dominant. Guided by the works of Judith Butler (2020), Guacira Louro (2010), and Michel Foucault (2020), this research understands gender as a social construct. Thus, the conventional understanding of masculine and feminine - influenced by the forces of economic, political, and cultural power - is shaped by the socio-political and historical context of individuals or groups. This implies that all inhabitants of this space are affected by this dynamic of domination. In this regard, we explore the representation of hegemonic masculinity based on R. Connell's (2005), Pierre Bourdieu's (2019) analysis of masculine domination, and Paul Preciado's (2022) disruptive perspectives on the body. These concepts illustrate the complexity of human experience within this predefined social structure. To connect this theoretical analysis with everyday experiences, we employ Manuela Penafria's (2009) and Francis Vanoye and Anne Goliot's (1994) film analysis techniques. This approach is enriched with interpretations drawn from three contemporary film productions - Billy Elliot (2000), El baile de los 41 (2020), and the series Bom Dia, Verônica (2020) - which, through their characters' narratives, highlight how the social perception of gender can shape and sustain hegemonic masculinity. This influence reverberates widely, impacting not only the expression of citizenship but also the individual and collective understanding of rights. This analysis points to the persistent gender inequality in various social contexts, where the figure of the heteronormative man, supported by androcentric representations, remains the holder of political, economic, cultural, and gender power.