The expansion of "Cash and Carry" has led to a distancing and rupture in the producer-consumer relationship, widening the contact between those who consume and those who produce the food, making room for increasingly standardized, canned and packaged consumption. In Brazil, more than 66% of households prefer to consume in Cash and Carry stores, a figure that is gradually increasing and could threaten the existence of organic and agro-ecological markets in the region. The general aim of this dissertation was to investigate how the Ponta Norte Fair (Asa Norte, Brasília-DF) and the Padre Fair (Sobradinho-DF) have resisted and are resisting the advances of the Cash and Carry in the Federal District.To this end, it used a qualitative research approach with a case study procedure and collection methods based on semi-structured interviews, online forms and participant observation involving farmers and consumers from the two administrative regions studied. The information obtained was organized and coded using content analysis, revealing the main categories and perceptions of the participants about the expansion of the Cash and Carry and the resistance of the fairs. Among the main results, the work highlighted the importance of raising consumers' awareness of political consumption and the support of the local administration, as a way of keeping up with other marketing channels, as well as demonstrating the participants' sales strategies and social organization. The debates raised contribute to the line of research in Rural Development and Sociobiodiversity, in order to promote a critical perception of short marketing circuits, promoting the recovery of direct consumption between farmers and consumers and, consequently, with the country-city relationship.

In Brazil, the food right is placed in a scenario of endless contradictions. This right is recognized to have multiple and complex dimensions, but it is controlled by a hegemonic food system (dominated by agribusiness and food multinationals) and managed by a State that still focuses its actions on punctual public policies. Currently, 19 million Brazilians experience Food and Nutrition Insecurity (FI) in its most serious form, which is expressed unevenly and urgently through hunger. In this panorama, civil society has historically organized itself to combat the injustices created by this system and fight against hunger. The Homeless Workers Movement (MTST), with the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic, the expansion of inequalities and the problem of worsening hunger, initiated a new activity: the Solidarity Kitchens (CS). These spaces offer free meals on the outskirts of the country and are also strengthened as a place to promote popular power, as they are built and maintained on truly solidary bases. This research focused its analysis on the Solidarity Kitchen located in Sol Nascente, a outskirt territory of the Federal District, still undergoing constant transformations and currently, with the highest level of FI in the DF. This space reveals various forms of inequality and exposes the problems of the current food system. Thus, based on ethnographic research associated with semi-structured interviews, analyzed using the content analysis methodology proposed by Bardin (1977), the perception of three groups of actors involved in the Solidarity Kitchen dynamics was investigated: the cooks, the farmers who supply food and mothers of children who attend the school support offered in the space. The results demonstrated CS as an important space in the routine of the groups of selected actors, contributing not only to food, but to the sociability, education and health of the community. Furthermore, the female protagonism in the fight for food and nutritional sovereignty and security was revealed, in all the dynamics involving CS - from the countryside to the city - as well as the overload experienced by these women. Based on the complexity of organizing a social movement in the fight for food for all and the unfair reality experienced on the outskirts, Solidarity Kitchens are still a vast field for studies.

This dissertation analyzes the contradictions present in the Matopiba region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia) regarding economic development and the persistence of historical inequalities in what is known as Brazil’s last agricultural frontier. Thus, this research aims to examine how the expansion of agribusiness, driven by the financialization of land, has affected local populations in social and environmental terms, with a focus on the issue of hunger and food insecurity. These issues are addressed through a theoretical revisitation of the concept and applications of food security. Based on predominantly qualitative approaches, including semi-structured interviews and document analysis, this dissertation investigates the case of the municipality of Campos Lindos, the largest producer of commodities (mainly soybeans) in the state of Tocantins, which, paradoxically, is also one of the municipalities with the lowest social well-being indicators. In addition to problematizing this contradiction, the text also describes the genesis of Matopiba—from the exploitation of the territory in the 1960s, the rise of the Green Revolution in Brazil during the military dictatorship, the enactment of Decree No. 8,447 in 2015, to the current developments in the agricultural frontier. This research discusses concepts such as territory, frontier, extractivism, and land grabbing, and analyzes how the logic of capital promotes the accumulation of wealth at the cost of environmental destruction and social exclusion. Based on the analyses proposed by this research, as well as the lack of official data on food security in the frontier—and the rationale behind this deficiency—it is understood that the 'Matopiba project' neither aimed nor aims to address the issue of hunger and other levels of food insecurity. From the outset, the territory of Matopiba was conceived as a sustainable opportunity for Brazilian agriculture; however, despite this premise, it has proven to be unsustainable both for the environment and for the populations that have historically inhabited the region.

The territorial occupation of the Legal Amazon predates the arrival of the Portuguese, and inaccurate numbers regarding unallocated Amazonian public lands remain a reality, hindering the development of strategies to combat, quantify, and monitor deforestation dynamics in the Legal Amazon. Given the global climate emergency, the Brazilian Amazon is a significant target of economic and environmental pressures, exposing conflicts between land regularization and environmental conservation. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between land governance and deforestation levels between 2019 and 2024 in the municipalities of Apuí, Boca do Acre, Canutama, Humaitá, Lábrea, Manicoré, and Novo Aripuanã, located in southern Amazonas. We linked land data (CNP, SIGEF, Federal Land Base) with deforestation data (PRODES/INPE) and analyzed land titling and public land registry information. We identified the main concepts that need to be standardized by the government and suggest that the term allocation be attributed to the complete process of highlighting public assets, including post-titling monitoring. The titling analysis indicates that only 3.4% of the federal land area in these municipalities has been titled, of which 95.3% is in smallholdings, vulnerable to land reconcentration and land grabbing. There is an urgent need for public policies, technical assistance programs, and productive credit to support these small producers. Regarding deforestation in these municipalities, a peak was observed in 2022, with a significant drop in rates in the subsequent years: 2023 (60.17%) and 2024 (71.98%). The reduction in deforestation rates reflects the strengthening of oversight actions. Furthermore, to improve land management, we identified an urgent need to resolve conceptual divergences and gaps in information bases (and communication) between the agencies involved in land governance. Although the decline in deforestation is not directly related to titling, the environmental oversight process lacks well-defined land data. Therefore, systemic integration between land and environmental regularization is recommended, and that these be linked to specialized technical assistance and rural extension, important elements to consider when developing strategies to monitor and combat deforestation in the Legal Amazon.

This dissertation examines the relationship between the regulatory construction of the National Program for Education in Agrarian Reform (Pronera) and the protagonism of agrarian social movements. It is guided by the following research question: to what extent does the normative framework of Pronera reflect the political agency of these movements? The general objective is to understand how the program’s legal and institutional acts express the presence and influence of social movements in shaping political and educational guidelines. Specific objectives include: systematizing the normative milestones that constitute Pronera; investigating the processes of implementation and consolidation of the program, considering the tensions and agreements involved in the formulation of its regulations; and analyzing the protagonism of social movements in the normative construction, based on their mobilization and negotiation strategies. The research adopts a Universidade de Brasília Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural qualitative approach, grounded in document analysis, and considers Pronera’s tripartite management structure: social movements, educational institutions, and the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra). Two sets of documents were examined: letters and manifestos produced by agrarian social movements, which guided the development of rural education; and official normative acts, such as ordinances and regulatory instructions. Methodological triangulation enabled the cross-analysis of these documents, revealing the political meanings attributed to the actions of social movements and their multiple forms of expression within the program’s regulatory framework. The findings indicate that Pronera’s normatization is the result of a collective and strategic process that consolidated structural foundations over different periods. This research contributes to the field of public policy studies, particularly in rural education, by demonstrating that regulatory construction is part of a broader political dispute within the State, and that social movements play an active and decisive role in shaping public policy.

Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs) are places where groups whose way of life plays a role in environmental conservation reside. The concept was developed and disseminated within the scope of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This research aimed to understand how the TICCA concept developed at the international level anda how its diffusion has been occurring in the core area of the Brazilian Cerrado from 2020 to 2023. It is an exploratory and multisite study, focusing on both the diffusion strategy of this category adopted by organizations that make up the consortium implementing TICCAs in Brazil, such as the Institute Society, Population and Nature (ISPN), and the experience of a community in the process of self-recognition of its territory, the Quilombola community of Vargem Grande do Muquém in Niquelândia, Goiás. The study identified the main benefits of TICCAs in the Cerrado as recognizing a broad range of traditional and local peoples and communities as important agents of conservation – including those communities without legal provisions for specific territorial rights – and mobilizing communities to organize themselves in self-mapping process for the right to access natural resources, maintain their ways of life, and remain in their territories.

The dissertation, carried out within the scope of the Graduate Program in Environment and Rural Development, in the research line of Public Policies for the Environment and the Countryside, at the University of Brasília (UnB), Faculty of UnB Planaltina, investigated the difficulties and contradictions of the implementation of the "GoiásTec - High School within everyone's reach" project in the education offered to the São Vicente settlement in Flores de Goiás. This project by the State Department of Education of Goiás, which uses technological mediation to offer recorded or live classes through digital technologies, was justified as an innovation for areas of difficult access and with a shortage of qualified professionals. The study employed a qualitative-quantitative approach that included document analysis, interviews with students, their guardians, and professionals involved, as well as a comparison between the practices of technological mediation and the principles of Rural Education. The methodology, according to Pedro Demo (1985), combined theoretical analysis and interviews, using various technologies for data collection and organization. Tools such as reference management software, messaging applications, artificial intelligence for questionnaires, and videoconferencing platforms were used at different stages of the research. Technology, including smartphones and transportation vehicles, was essential for conducting interviews and mapping the area, demonstrating its accessibility even in rural areas. The results showed that the project was a source of frustration for the three focal groups of the interviews, and that the community felt overlooked by the project. The research highlighted the importance of an educational approach that respects and values the socio-cultural and educational conditions of peasant communities, questioning whether the implementation of GoiásTec has an innovative character and whether it effectively contributed to relevant and meaningful education for rural students.

Given the worrying issue regarding the most environmentally appropriate disposal of solid waste and also the management that best applies to organic waste, knowledge and the search for alternatives are necessary. In this sense, the purpose of this work was to develop research in a school community located in a rural (peri-urban) region of Planaltina, GO. This research work addressed Environmental Education in qualitative research at the municipal school Vó Vitória Garofalo. It was developed with the students, but interviews were also carried out with local residents, the majority of whom were parents or guardians of the students in order to better understand the components that make up the region. The research was carried out with the aim of understanding and enriching discussions on the topic addressed. The school has characteristics of a rural school and an urban school. Since the region, called rural area, borders the urban center and therefore, brings elements of experiences with this urban center. The objective was to analyze the relationship between students' perception and practice regarding the disposal of solid and organic waste in the school community. Understanding that by perception, it comprises the ability to capture, process and understand the information that our senses receive. Also to seek alternatives that can be presented to the community regarding the promotion of new practices, based on their habits and knowledge they have and management possibilities, in order to promote an emancipatory environmental education.

Present in thirteen of Brazil's federative units, the Cerrado Biome is considered one of the most endangered in the country, despite its great importance for the diverse forms of life, climate, biodiversity, sovereignty, food security, socio-biodiversity, guarantee of territoriality for traditional peoples and ethnic groups, and for the continued production of native fruits. Such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), which has a high nutritional value but is still discarded or minimally used. In view of this, the aim of the study was to use drying technologies for processing and benefiting the outer mesocarp of pequi, namely the forced-air tray dryer and the food extruder. Therefore, the results obtained prove the nutritional importance of functional macaroons made with pequi outer mesocarp, as this raw material is a technological alternative, composed of dietary fiber, phenolic compounds and antioxidants.

Dissertation submitted as part of the requirements for obtaining the Master's degree by the Postgraduate Program in Environment and Rural Development (PPG-MADER) of the University of Brasília (UnB) in the research line sustainable rural development and sociobiodiversity. The research territory, Ponte Alta Sul do Gama - DF, initially intended for agricultural production, has been facing decharacterizations of the rural area due to the increase in urban residential subdivisions, leisure spaces and places for social events, resulting in the reduction of agricultural practices in the region. The research focused on the life stories of rural women, exploring their trajectories in the rural environment of the DF, seeking to understand the construction of identity, values and cultural practices of these women, in addition to documenting the historical changes in the region from the period of formation of the Federal District until the year 2023. The methodology adopted was based on qualitative techniques, with emphasis on oral history, life narratives and structured interviews, aiming to capture the experiences of rural women and ensure the preservation of the authenticity of their oral expressions. Crochet workshops were held as a means of encouraging the participation of rural women from Ponte Alta Sul in an environment of dialogue, encouraging the sharing of experiences and perspectives on the territory. The results pointed to a symbiotic relationship between women and the territory, highlighting female resilience amid the decharacterization of rural territory, with an urgent need to implement public policies aimed at preserving rural territory and traditional knowledge, as well as the implementation of policies that include rural women in deliberations on the future of the countryside in the Federal District.

This is an exploratory study, which investigated teachers' perceptions about environmental education and sustainability in the context of Quilombola School Education, in five regions of Brazil. Interviews were carried out with teachers, seeking to understand how Environmental Education is integrated into the school curriculum and what challenges and possibilities emerge in this context. Data analysis with the IRAMUTEQ software revealed thematic connections between education, sustainability and identity. The research identified that educational practices are deeply linked to territoriality, cultural identity and the sustainable management of natural resources in quilombola communities. It was observed that Environmental Education in quilombola communities goes beyond ecological issues, also promoting the appreciation of traditional knowledge about the environment and the sociocultural resistance of communities throughout history. The promotion of sustainability is seen as an essential tool to strengthen quilombola communities in their struggles for territorial rights and against environmental racism. It is concluded that Environmental Education in Quilombola School Education, although not emphasized in the curricula, participates in the daily lives of schools and communities, having a transformative character and integrating traditional knowledge to promote social justice and environmental conservation.

The research aimed to investigate the context of family farming in the face of the crises deepened by the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular the strategic constructs underway in the Northeast region and their interrelationships with the promotion of resilient systems, health promotion and food security linked to coexistence with the semi-arid region. It problematises the structural phenomenon of crises exacerbated by the pandemic around the contradictions of the hegemonic agri-food system and the country's political and institutional crisis scenario with setbacks in the fight against multidimensional hunger, affecting rural, forest and water populations in a diverse and differentiated way. There is evidence that in the Northeastern states new inter-institutional and socio-political arrangements have shaped processes that are resilient to crises. Similarly, although the region's structural and historical inequalities remain, it is very likely that the effects of the Covid-19 health emergency have not been worse due to the instituting and instituted practices of living with the semi-arid, expressed in the socioecological resilience of family farmers and public policies for living with the semi-arid, supported and consolidated in many territories, with support from the states, financial contributions from cooperation with IFAD and territorial socio-technical learning networks. It seems to us to be a fact established in the context of dispute over new civilizing processes, unveiled during the Covid-19 emergency and global health crisis, among the many solutions built and disputed endogenously in the territories but also activated local, regional and national socio-political movements- agroecological family farming is becoming viable as a more just, sustainable and solidarity-based transition model, constituting one of the greatest alternatives to the globalised hegemonic food system.

The society forged from new technological increments resulting from innovation, seeks to realign old economic relations and establish new ways of living in the emerging pattern made available by technologies. Such innovations have transformed society into a strongly globalized and connected collectivity in several ways. This change has occurred even in rural areas. However, this new social configuration is faced with an issue that involves present and future generations: climate change. Several studies show that this phenomenon affects the entire planet, indistinctly, causing socio-environmental impacts, among which stand out: atmospheric pollution, water and rain cycles, soil degradation, among others. This set of changes affects the quality of life of human beings and of all the species that interconnect in the web of life. The agricultural sector, due to its characteristics and sensitivity to climate, is dependent on and vulnerable to climate change.  During the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP-15), Brazil voluntarily committed to reduce from 36.1% to 38.9% the GHG emissions projected for 2020. For the agricultural sector, it was established the constitution of the "Plan for the consolidation of a low carbon economy in agriculture". As one of the public policies for environmental protection and conservation, the ABC Plan was implemented between 2010 and 2020, aiming at the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG).  The present work aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the ABC Plan, especially the ABC Cerrado Project (2016-2019), and the actions related to the mitigation of GHG emissions in the Cerrado Biome. For this, the exploratory and qualitative method was used, through bibliographic research, documents available in official bodies and entities involved in the Project. From secondary data, it was found that the main results of the ABC Plan, presented in technical studies (which measure emission factors and GHG removal by agriculture and livestock) confirm the possibility of neutralization, but are not conclusive about the deadline for mitigation to occur; It could be found that there was a lack of transparency and publicity, especially during the management of the Bolsonaro government, since there is no publication related to the results of the ABC Plan. Regarding the results of the ABC Cerrado Project: there was recovery of degraded pastures and an increase in agricultural and cattle raising productivity, but there are no GHG mitigation results.  From the analysis of the available data, this work intended to contribute to the improvement of policies related to the ABC Plan and to the construction of new public policies for the agricultural segment in Brazil. 

This is a case study on the Indigenous Environmentalist Collective of Action for Nature, Agroecology and Sustainability, CAIANAS, from the Terena People, from the Cachoeirinha Indigenous Land, located in the city of Miranda, in Mato Grosso do Sul. The disputes present in the Mato Grosso do Sul regional context are not reduced to environmental or ethnic conflicts, but to ontological conflicts: modern science, progress, development, agribusiness, among other expressions that make up the modern ontology, are manifestations of power whose premisses define what is real, what can exist and what is expendable. It is therefore necessary to suspend the foundations of modern ontology that are intended to be universal and universalizing, such as, for example, the distinction between nature and culture, and to admit that the modern world is (un)supported at the expense of other possible worlds, of other worlds that already exist. Based on the theoretical-methodological contributions of Relational Ontologies, this study seeks to establish a cosmopolitical dialogue with the Terena People, debating our conditions and collective capacities to think of other ways of inhabiting the Earth and face changes in climate conditions and environments in the contexto of the Anthropocene. To this end, the research addresses the historical conjectures and the genesis processes of CAIANAS and the connections between the concept of Terena Ethnoagroecology in dialogue with other knowledges.

The objective of this dissertation was to analyze the Wai Wai's socioeconomic power, promoted mainly by the commercialization of Brazil nuts, seeking to understand the relationship between income generation and development motivated by the economy of sociobiodiversity. With the advancement of the discussion for a forest economy that values traditional peoples and communities and promotes the conservation of biodiversity, the market and the State are increasingly injecting resources into sustainable businesses. The dissertation presents itself as a reflective exercise on the modes of existence of these people and their relationship with income generation and development prospects. With regard to methodological instruments, the study includes bibliographic research, documentary research, primary data collection and secondary data collection, with primary data collected from semi-structured interviews.

In order to analyze the repercussions of the Interdisciplinary Degree in Educação do Campo at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua - RJ, this paper is structured in three chapters. In the first chapter, we critically describe the historical context of the municipality in question. Based on quantitative aspects, mainly statistical data, and qualitative data, bibliographies, and other documents that characterize the municipality and the Northwestern Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, we can see the contradictions that shape the organization of local social life. In the second chapter, we delve into theoretical aspects that help us understand the Educação do Campo movement. In this part of the work, we dedicate ourselves to understand rural education as a counter-hegemonic proposal. To do so, we discuss the State matrix that dialogues with its proposal, its materiality based on social movements and, finally, its form and content, emphasizing the structuring triad field-public policies-education. In the third chapter, the moment in which we actually analyze the course in question, we use semi-structured interviews with professors, students and graduates as a data collection method. The treatment of the data was carried out based on content analysis, through the description and systematization of the speeches, allowing us to create an inference from the meaning of the words and the interrelations between the different subjects present in the research. From this, it was possible to understand that the course has been structured from a formative political dimension that values the commitment to the rural popular classes. Moreover, we identified interventions made by the research subjects on the Paduan reality, mainly through the Tempo Comunidade, in order to transform it. This has shown that the repercussions that this degree has promoted in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua were mediated through the formation of organic intellectuals, that is, intellectuals willing to organize the wills and actions of their class. However, the course still lacks infrastructure, which causes instability in the number of students, besides suffering from the country's political conjuncture that does not favor the advancement of popular policies. This means that, even though the course is extremely important for the region, it still lacks a consolidation that will only come through the collective struggle of the popular classes.

The Rural Environmental Registry (CAR - Cadastro Ambiental Rural) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA - Programa de Regularização Ambiental) are instruments included in the legislation accounting for updating the Forestry Code (Law n. 12.651 / 2012). These mechanisms were created to systematize and consolidate environmental information about rural properties to help public managers to both understand and plan actions focused on monitoring and fighting deforestation countrywide. The aim of the current research is to address advancements and obstacles associated with CAR and PRA, mainly in Luziânia County/GO. In order to do so, assumptions established in the main Brazilian environmental legislation, mainly in the Forestry Code, were taken into consideration. An overview of the implementation and execution of these instruments in different Brazilian states was prepared based on secondary data. It was done to identify the advancements and difficulties faced by public managers in CAR and PRA execution, inspection and monitoring at federal scope, in Goiás State and in Luziânia County. More specifically, a survey was carried out to help better understand the main difficulties faced by rural producers from Luziânia County/GO in the process to register, monitor and execute CAR, as well as how this process has been implemented. The aforementioned diagnosis takes into consideration four groups of actors involved in this process, namely: rural producers; technicians in charge of the processes; federal, state and municipal managers; and representatives of both the real estate registry office and the SICOOB bank (from Luziânia County). The research methodology was based on using primary data, such as the preparation and application of questionnaires and interviews (applied through tools, such as Google Forms and Google Meet), as well as on secondary data collected through bibliographical survey, and on official data provided by SICAR, IBGE, MMA and MAPA. Among the main findings, one finds the fact that CAR implementation enhances and shines light on the environmental information of rural properties, and it can help effectively managing the national territory. São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará were the states mostly advanced in concluding the environmental regularity analysis. On the other hand, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Sergipe and Piauí were the states recording the longest delays. This scenario has evidenced some difficulties in different federative entities, with emphasis on the lengthy way the analysis processes have been conducted, due to financial, human and technological limitations experienced by environmental agencies. Another critical point refers to the credibility of information provided through CAR’s registration process. Similarly, rural producers’ low adherence to monitoring the Owner’s Center (Central do Proprietário) leads to process delay and downtime. The following actions stood out among those capable of clearing the process: CAR analysis decentralization to accredited municipalities; environmental data integration among different federative entities; mandatory CAR preparation by a qualified professional accounting for issuing the Technical Responsibility Term (ART - Anotação de Responsabilidade Técnica); and the integration of data from the Rural Environmental Registration System (SICAR - Sistema de Cadastro Ambiental Rural) to the environmental licensing system and to INCRA’s Land Management System (SIGEF - Sistema de Gestão Fundiária). Based on the current results, it is possible suggesting that the federal, state and municipal governments should remedy the herein identified shortcomings to meet the goals underlying the development of these instruments within the Forestry Code scope. Universidade de Brasília Programa d

The Federal Constitution of 1988 advocates the relevance of the social function of land and, despite the numerous setbacks in public policies in recent years, Brazil remains a signatory to several international treaties that ensure a consolidated path with regard to the maintenance of guarantees of human rights, including the ones relationed to land. Analysing the country's relevance of these commitments related to land, as well as the other commitments present in the legal framework, also the impacts of agribusiness and deforestation in the Cerrado biome, besides the increase of conflicts in the countryside, the main objective of this work is to study whether it is possible to identify a causal correlation between good land governance and socio-environmental development. In this sense, regarding its objectives, this research is descriptive, as it aims to describe some phenomena that comes from land governance on socio-environmental characteristics present in the municipalities of the state of Tocantins. In that case, the intention is to characterize the land status of the municipalities in the state of Tocantins from the analysis of the INCRA land collection, classify them in the spectrum of good and weak land governance, based on the crossing of cadastral databases of rural properties (SNCR, CAR and Agricultural Census), discuss the concepts of development, territory and social well-being, rank the municipalities based on the insertion of the results of points “a” and “b” considering the results of the Index ranking of Social Progress Amazonia of the Social Progress Imperative – SPI and then classify the municipalities in the spectrum of weak land governance.

The invisibilization of race issues in rural areas expands when analyzing the reality of black peasant women and their roles in maintaining agrobiodiversity, especially at the  intersection of gender, race, and class. This dissertation examines and identifies the actions of black peasant women from the Pequeno Willian settlement, located in Planaltina - DF, in agrobiodiversity management within their territories, relating them to their ancestral heritage. The specific objectives consist of: 1) Reflecting with black peasant women on the narratives of their life stories, acknowledging their experiences; and 2) Mapping the practices related to agrobiodiversity developed by black peasant women in their territories, observing the connections between such practices, knowledge, and memories. The research addresses the elements of ancestry, memories, and agrobiodiversity from an intersectional perspective, engaging with the thoughts of black intellectuals to effectively analyze the specificities among black peasant women in agrobiodiversity management. The methodological approach is based on the life writings of three black women from the Pequeno Willian settlement, highlighting how gender, race, and class markers influence their life trajectories and the knowledge they produce in their territories. To construct life writings, the following instruments are used: semi-structured interviews, field notes, turban workshops, and photographic records. The results of the analysis of the interlocutors' narratives highlighted the remarkable actions of black women in agrobiodiversity management, as well as their connections to their ethnic-racial identities and ancestral heritage. It shows that their systems and practices promote a new perspective in relation to agrobiodiversity, establishing significant connections between their agrobiodiversity practices and ancestral knowledge in their peasant black territories. These ancestral knowledge systems are fundamental as forms of resistance in the maintenance and production of healthy food, establishing an intimate relationship with the territory of struggle. Through stories interwoven by the intersections of the structure, black women from the Pequeno William settlement highlight their battles and resistances, narratives that are often little addressed in the Brazilian rural context. The dissertation contributes through the voices and looks of black women to the breaking of invisibility and anonymity from the resistances woven by them, presenting a genuine perspective of the rural environment under the eyes of these black peasant women.

This dissertation, based on Agroecology theory, sought to understand and systematize, through field research analysis, the experience of such principles and foundations in Kalunga production, developed by families in the Vão do Moleque - Maiadinha nucleus, from the perspective that the Kalungas hold ancestral practices and are therefore heirs to the agroecological matrix. Considering that the science of Agroecology recognizes traditional knowledge, locally adapted cultivation techniques, sustainable management of natural resources, sociocultural dimensions, and the use of plant varieties, a qualitative methodological approach was used, including and a case study with semi-structured interviews conducted during field research. The aim was to obtain information about production, Kalunga knowledge and practices, and possible connections with agroecology. The research sample consisted of 23 family members out of a total of 80 members in the Maiadinha nucleus. It was observed that the community maintains traditional knowledge in agricultural practices, and that farming is a significant dimension for these people, generating production for selfconsumption while preserving knowledge and practices consistent with agroecology. Additionally, it was noted that public policies beyond income distribution, such as Bolsa Família (Family Allowance) and retirement benefits, are necessary. However, it is crucial to implement other public policies to address the specific demands of peasant agriculture. This includes providing appropriate machinery and tools that consider the socioeconomic and technical characteristics of farmers. Furthermore, it is important to implement production processing policies to facilitate commercialization and establish support networks for agricultural surplus distribution. These measures aim to improve the living conditions of the communities involved. Another relevant aspect is the need for specialized technical assistance in peasant agriculture, with a focus on agroecology. This approach aims to prevent excessive use of pesticides and transgenic seeds, which are concerns in this agricultural modality. The availability of adequate technical assistance, focused on agroecology, can promote sustainable agricultural practices, preserve biodiversity, improve the health of farmers and consumers, and strengthen the resilience of agricultural production systems. The community scenario reveals significant dimensions in terms of production and culture, from the perspective of agroecology. Agroecology, rooted in humanity's ancestral heritage, points towards a sustainable rural project where the ethics of caring for all forms of life are preserved. This approach not only addresses the needs of the present generation but also ensures that future generations benefit from a healthy and productive environment. It is a long-term commitment to sustainability, valuing the preservation of biological, cultural, and social diversity. Thus, agroecology establishes the foundation for an agricultural system that respects and protects all manifestations of life, promoting harmony between humans and the environment.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the contributions from the praxis of Rural Education graduates from Federal University of Piauí, campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, to agroecology territorialization and to reinforce the peasant life style in Bom Jesus mesoregion, Southern Piauí State. From the viewpoint of different inv estigation panels, we understand that agroecology is a science, a practice and a movement, and it can be added to different contexts within the academic practice. We have focused on how peasant territorialization takes place according to both agroecology and Rural Education through graduates’ praxis. After understanding the epistemological praxis of graduates, in compliance with Rural Education and agroecology, we adopted the theory of knowledge, which is supported by the Marxist thinking, to assess the Historical-Dialectic Materialism categories, such as territoriality, materialism, dialectic and contradiction. Research theoretical fundamentals were divided into four parts: 1 – introduction, which was presented through a memorial that has described my speech place and interest in the topic, as well as the research context, its justification and methodology; 2 – featuring the theoretical concepts of territory, peasantry and the agrarian matter, from the viewpoint of Piauí State’s cerrado; 3 – discussion aboutthe matopiba project and its socioenvironmental impact, evidence of conflicts, and the impacts and challenges posed by the agribusiness to the reproduction of the peasant life style, with emphasis on the role of movements, unions, networks and organizations to face and resist violations to the rights of rural peoples in Southern Piauí State; 4 – dialogue about agroecology and Rural Education to tell the story of their construction and expansion as public policy, by associating them to the construction of counter-hegemonic political practices. We specifically showed how agroecology is found in the praxis of graduates in the Rural Education course of UFPI/CPCE. With respect to its methodology, the research followed the qualitative participatory design, based on using procedures, such as field research, semi-structured interviews and conversation rounds. Data analysis was based on dense description of reality, according to comparative analysis (data triangulation after the interviews) between Rural Education knowledge and agroecological practices developed by the herein addressed graduates, based on the descriptive/interpretive method, which was adopted to unfold subjects’ voices and experiences, at the democratic sphere. Research corpus included the time period from 2014 to 2021 as time frame. This time lapse was analyzed based on agroecology and peasant life style reinforcement, in Bom Jesus mesoregion. Thanks to the reconfiguration of the courses’ formation matrix, it started to conceive art and agroecology as formative principles substantiated by the epistemology of praxis, from the second semester of 2017. These elements embody the unicity between theory and practice, which potentiates students’ self-organization and allows a closer approximation to peasant communities and the construction of students’ new extension profile through a crosssectional and dialogic way. According to testimonies by the interviewed graduates, these new profile ensured the continuity of their bond to their higher education institution and to their communities, even after their graduation. However, the challenge posed by the research refers to thinking about ways to interfere with, and achieve, public policies able to ensure the continuous qualification of graduates who work in basic education schools, so that they can be sensitized with the possibility of promoting activities and projects that corroborate the transformation of the current school profile through agroecology. Thus, it is imperative for us to have a discipline matrix integrated to the formative Rural Education concept to allow us to dialogue with its principles and formative matrices.

The pandemic of the new Coronavirus (covid-19) has affected the activities of family farmers in Brazil and other regions of the global south. The sanitary barriers necessary for the containment and control of covid-19 directly affected logistics, food distribution, and the commercialization of the production of this branch of the economy. Many public policies to strengthen family farming were drastically affected. In most situations, the local market is the main source of demand for the commercialization of their agricultural production and, consequently, their income generation. In the meantime, the governmental agenda has advanced significantly for the hatching of public policies that would guarantee rights and possibilities of designing a new reality for rural women, the PAA and several other public policies have been made unfeasible by the budget reduction, such as the National Family Agriculture Program (PRONAF) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), aggravating even more the vulnerability picture of peasant populations. It is around the whole context mentioned above that this research seeks to evaluate the consequences of covid-19 in the lives of women farmers supplying the Food Purchase Program (PAA) in the municipality of Dianópolis (TO) before and after the covid-19 pandemic.

Peasant family farming plays a key role in the production of quality food and the sustainable use of natural resources in Planalto Santareno. From the end of the 1990s, the advance of the agricultural frontier in the Amazon placed the Plateau as a territory of expansion and productive epicenter of monocultures in the region, with private investments and support from federal, state and municipal public authorities, threatening peasant family productive practices. Taking into account the confrontation of rationalities in food production, on the one hand, based on soy, which is a commoditized agriculture, and on the other, by the historical cultivation of peasant family agriculture, this dissertation discusses the main challenges and perspectives of peasant family agriculture in Planalto Santareno, especially due to threats from the expansion of agricultural monoculture. The research, using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, is composed of document analysis, field research, analysis of primary data from the Odisseia Project, and geoprocessing techniques. It was complemented with semi-structured interviews and secondary data surveys. The soy business advances considerably in the Planalto Santareno, causing transformations in the spaces of social reproduction and in the productive systems of peasant family farmers, and, directly or indirectly, the State is most responsible for the territorial reconfiguration to support (credit, assistance technique, research) and to encourage the expansion of monoculture agribusiness in the municipalities in the Planalto. The research identified that soy is the main product financed by PRONAF, but peasant family agriculture, which has little or no access to credit, is forced to adapt in order to survive. The main difficulties and consequences are related to spraying (chemical contamination) and the migration of pests (biological contamination) to the plantations of peasant family farmers, compromising or destroying “traditional” production. The reports also highlighted the lack of support and investment by the government in the construction and conservation of roads, health centers and schools, generating claims and demands for restructuring of PRONAF, with real conditions of access to credit, and public policies to support farmers. peasant family members.

Gastronomy is undoubtedly an integral and fundamental part of the food production chain, from production, distribution, marketing and consumption. The hegemonic agrifood system, in turn, subordinated to the power of capital, is associated with mechanisms of social, environmental and economic domination. In this way, it is essential for gastronomes, at the time of their academic training, to be equipped with knowledge about the power relations that the hegemonic agri-food system produces, as well as to be able to understand other agri-food systems with more diverse and fair socio-environmental characteristics. It is in this scenario that the present research proposes to investigate how the themes related to the agri-food system (hegemonic and counterhegemonic) are inserted in the context of the training of gastronomy professionals in the Federal District, from the analysis of the Pedagogical Projects of the Courses (PPC) of public and private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the understanding of the respective faculty and students about training in gastronomy and its relations with the agri-food system and the issues that surround it. The results obtained in the research indicate that Private HEIs do not offer comprehensive mechanisms for a consistent and structuring debate on the topics addressed (giving more emphasis to content aimed at the labor market), while Public HEIs seek to offer this knowledge, in a more accentuated way. , as evidenced by more concrete evidence. It is also possible to ensure that there is a pedagogical and social demand for gastronomy courses to better promote socio-environmental themes, since the absolute majority of students and professors of the analyzed HEIs consider important the insertion and/or expansion of guidelines on agrifood systems and agroecology in the courses under analysis. It is therefore necessary to balance the structuring, pedagogical and methodological dimensions of gastronomy courses between professional qualification and scientific, reflective and active development.

This research focused on the theme of environmental conservation in conciliation with the appreciation of cultural diversity, having as a case study the Trail of Cora Coralina, in an area of the APA Serra dos Pireneus, in the cities of Cocalzinho de Goiás, Corumbá de Goiás and Pirenópolis, in the state of Goiás. The research, of a quali-quantitative nature, adopted, as its methodology, instruments to record the study area, the survey of socio-historical, cultural and environmental aspects, the exploratory research and the realization of the trail (hiking) with the capture of images, annotations and field observations, the holding of interviews with audio recording, in addition to the recording of the techniques adopted in the preparation of maps for analysis of the conditions of formation of an ecological corridor on the path. The interview reports were interpreted in order to meet the research objective of analyzing the contributions of rural landowners of the Caminho de Cora Coralina for the environmental conservation of the Cerrado, especially for the formation of corridors, and the dialogues with cultural elements present on the path. The analysis of the strategies and articulations promoted in the rural properties for the conservation of the Cerrado and the cultural valorization of the Camino consisted in organizing the reports and regrouping the textual elements according to common characteristics, divided into categories: environmental education; private natural heritage reserve; ecological corridors and strengthening of protected areas; agro-ecology; preservation of historical and natural sites; traditional knowledge and skills; and, finally, the strengthening of networks and political participation on the Camino. The results show that the initiative of landscape connectivity in the Cora Coralina's Path, interconnecting natural, historical and cultural elements, through the union of efforts and in a collaborative way, between the state and the civil society, represents a significant strategy for the conservation of the Cerrado, besides being an important tool in the promotion of environmental awareness, creation of private natural reserves, historical and cultural appreciation, and sustainability in the rural environment. However, the research pointed to the need for continuous improvement in the governance of the path, in order to promote greater integration, encouragement and mutual support among the players involved and to expand programs aimed at raising awareness and providing incentives for the conservation and recovery of the Cerrado biome and the appreciation of its naturais, historical and cultural heritage.

Agricultural production has been the basis of food in the Kalunga Historic Site and Cultural Heritage (SHPCK) since the formation of the Quilombos. However, factors such as climate change and the introduction of processed foods have devalued the food habits of the Kalunga people. This work aims to identify, quantify and analyze the agricultural production of families living in 21 communities, distributed in the municipalities of Cavalcante, Monte Alegre and Teresina de Goiás that make up the SHPCK and identify strategies for conservation and management of agrobiodiversity and the relationship of this production to food sovereignty and security in the community Vão do Moleque in Cavalcante. To characterize the agricultural production, data collected in 2019 by the Association Quilombo Kalunga (AQK) were analyzed through the application of household questionnaires to 902 families residing in SHPCK. From this analysis, 10 farmers who live and cultivate agroecosystems in the community of Vão do Moleque were selected to analyze the strategies for the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity, the data were collected from participant observation, with conducting home interviews and applying a semi-structured questionnaire. The results of the research showed that 87% of the families manage condiment, aromatic, or food plants, such as fruit and vegetables in their backyards, 55% cultivate agro-ecosystems (field crops), 42% raise cattle, 16% raise pigs, 75% raise free-range chickens, 2% raise fish in dams, and less than 1% raise goats, sheep, and bees. This diversity in production combined with traditional management practices, passed on from generation to generation, allows farmers to have a more nutritious and healthy diet, contributing to the conservation of agrobiodiversity, food sovereignty and security for Kalunga people.