CYBER SECURITY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN GLOBAL CYBER CONFLICTS AND THEIR IMPACTS IN BRAZIL
Cybersecurity, Cyber conflicts, Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Cybersecurity has become a pressing issue in the information age, with incidents becoming increasingly frequent and sophisticated. The research seeks to analyze some of the main global cyber conflicts, such as those that occurred in Estonia (2007), Georgia (2008), Stuxnet (2010) and the alleged attacks on electricity utilities in Brazil in 2005, 2007 and 2009. The study correlates these attacks with some of the major events hosted by Brazil at the beginning of this century: the Rio +20 Conference (2012), Confederations Cup (2013), World Youth Day (2013), World Cup (2014), Olympic Games Olympic and Paralympic Games (2016). Part of the legacy established by these international and national events demonstrated the need for the Brazilian government to establish guidelines and improve security devices and procedures that reduce the vulnerability of systems related to the National Defense against cyber attacks and, if applicable, that allow their prompt recovery. A defense action based on international or national laws could be a coherent decision, as could a militarized response, with even the use of kinetic warfare weapons. This possibility finds support in the recent history of the cyber environment, as there are several factors involved that would need to be analyzed for an effective handling of a cyber conflict between nations that target the functionality of the financial system, the energy matrix, the means of transport, the telecommunications, the data network: in addition to imposing a risk of death and the failure of the organic performance of an entire society. To support this new situation, Brazil established in 2014 the Military Doctrine of Cyber Defense whose purpose is to unify thinking within the scope of the Ministry of Defense (MD), and support joint action by the Armed Forces (FA) in the defense of Brazil in cyberspace. Much of this normative framework is evaluated in the research thesis, together with the case studies presented and the measures adopted for cyber defense when hosting major international events, in order to detect the possible strengths and weaknesses of Brazilian cyber security.